Wikipedia:Vital articles/Level/5/People/Philosophers, historians, political and social scientists

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Vital articles is a list of subjects for which Wikipedia should have corresponding high-quality articles. It serves as a centralized watchlist to track the status of Wikipedia's most essential articles. This is one of the sub-lists of the fifty thousand article Vital articles/Level 5 and is currently under construction.

Article in the Vital list have their assessment labelled as:

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  • Former featured articles
  • A-class articles
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  • Stub-class articles
  • List-class articles
  • Unassessed articles

The progress bar is auto-updated via category count, and the symbols and article counts are updated daily by User:cewbot. Please read the FAQ before modifying the article list.


Total articles: 1,335/1,300

Philosophers (289/275 articles)

Ancient (57/50 articles)

  1. Anaxagoras
  2. Anaximander
  3. Anaximenes of Miletus
  4. Antisthenes
  5. Aristoxenus
  6. Aristotle (Level 3)
  7. Augustine of Hippo (Level 4)
  8. Carneades
  9. Cicero (Level 3)
  10. Confucius (Level 3)
  11. Demetrius of Phalerum
  12. Democritus (Level 4)
  13. Diogenes (Level 4)
  14. Dong Zhongshu
  15. Empedocles
  16. Epictetus
  17. Epicurus (Level 4)
  18. Gārgī Vāchaknavī
  19. Gongsun Long
  20. Gorgias
  21. Han Fei (Level 4)
  22. Heraclitus (Level 4)
  23. Hui Shi
  24. Iamblichus
  25. Kaṇāda (philosopher) (Level 4)
  26. Laozi (Level 3)
  27. Li Si (Level 4)
  28. Lucretius (Level 4)
  29. Mencius (Level 4)
  30. Mozi
  31. Parmenides
  32. Philo
  33. Plato (Level 3)
  34. Plotinus (Level 4)
  35. Porphyry (philosopher)
  36. Posidonius
  37. Proclus
  38. Protagoras
  39. Ptahhotep
  40. Pyrrho
  41. Seneca the Younger (Level 4)
  42. Shang Yang (Level 4)
  43. Shen Buhai
  44. Shen Dao
  45. Socrates (Level 3)
  46. Thales of Miletus (Level 4)
  47. Theodoret
  48. Theophrastus
  49. Vātsyāyana
  50. Xenophanes
  51. Xu Xing (philosopher)
  52. Xun Kuang (Level 4)
  53. Yang Zhu
  54. Zeno of Citium
  55. Zeno of Elea
  56. Zhuang Zhou
  57. Zou Yan

Post-classical (30/30 articles)

  1. Peter Abelard (Level 4)
  2. Albert of Saxony (philosopher)
  3. Alcuin
  4. Avempace
  5. Averroes (Level 4)
  6. Roger Bacon
  7. Boethius
  8. Jean Buridan
  9. Cheng Hao
  10. Cheng Yi (philosopher)
  11. Hasdai Crescas
  12. Duns Scotus (Level 4)
  13. Francesc Eiximenis
  14. John Scotus Eriugena
  15. Al-Farabi (Level 4)
  16. Robert Grosseteste
  17. Héloïse
  18. Ibn Tufail
  19. Lu Jiuyuan
  20. Marsilius of Inghen
  21. Nicole Oresme
  22. John Philoponus
  23. Prabhākara
  24. Thomas Aquinas (Level 3)
  25. Vāchaspati Misra
  26. Wang Yangming (Level 4)
  27. William of Ockham (Level 4)
  28. Zhang Zai
  29. Zhou Dunyi
  30. Zhu Xi (Level 4)

Early modern (35/30 articles)

  1. Judah Leon Abravanel
  2. Francesco Algarotti
  3. Francis Bacon (Level 4)
  4. Pierre Bayle
  5. Jeremy Bentham (Level 4)
  6. George Berkeley (Level 4)
  7. Jakob Böhme
  8. Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens
  9. Giordano Bruno (Level 4)
  10. Thomas Cajetan
  11. Pietru Caxaro
  12. Marquis de Condorcet
  13. Dai Zhen
  14. René Descartes (Level 3)
  15. Denis Diderot (Level 4)
  16. Erasmus (Level 4)
  17. Adam Ferguson
  18. Johann Gottlieb Fichte (Level 4)
  19. Marsilio Ficino
  20. Claude Adrien Helvétius
  21. Johann Gottfried Herder
  22. David Hume (Level 4)
  23. Immanuel Kant (Level 3)
  24. Jean de La Bruyère
  25. Julien Offray de La Mettrie
  26. Nicolas Malebranche
  27. Nicholas of Cusa
  28. Thomas Reid
  29. Johann Reuchlin
  30. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (Level 4)
  31. Baruch Spinoza (Level 4)
  32. Dugald Stewart
  33. Giambattista Vico
  34. Francisco de Vitoria
  35. Adam Weishaupt

Late modern (167/165 articles)

Africa (1 article)

  1. John McDowell

Americas (42 articles)

  1. William Alston
  2. Mario Bunge
  3. Judith Butler
  4. Patricia Churchland
  5. Mary Daly
  6. Donald Davidson (philosopher)
  7. Daniel Dennett
  8. John Dewey (Level 4)
  9. Hubert Dreyfus
  10. Ronald Dworkin
  11. Ralph Waldo Emerson (Level 4)
  12. Frantz Fanon (Level 4)
  13. John Fiske (philosopher)
  14. Vilém Flusser
  15. Jerry Fodor
  16. David Gauthier
  17. Rebecca Goldstein
  18. Sam Harris
  19. Douglas Hofstadter
  20. William James (Level 4)
  21. Saul Kripke
  22. Thomas Kuhn
  23. David Lewis (philosopher)
  24. Bernard Lonergan
  25. Marshall McLuhan (Level 4)
  26. Thomas Nagel
  27. Robert Nozick
  28. Martha Nussbaum
  29. Leonard Peikoff
  30. Charles Sanders Peirce (Level 4)
  31. Robert M. Pirsig
  32. Alvin Plantinga
  33. Hilary Putnam
  34. Willard Van Orman Quine
  35. John Rawls (Level 4)
  36. Richard Rorty
  37. Josiah Royce
  38. John Searle
  39. Charles Taylor (philosopher)
  40. Judith Jarvis Thomson
  41. Henry David Thoreau (Level 4)
  42. Cornel West

Asia (8 articles)

  1. Surendranath Dasgupta
  2. Feng Youlan
  3. Mou Zongsan
  4. Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
  5. D. T. Suzuki
  6. Tang Chun-i
  7. Xiong Shili
  8. Yan Fu

Europe (113 articles)

  1. Giorgio Agamben
  2. Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz
  3. Louis Althusser
  4. G. E. M. Anscombe
  5. Hannah Arendt (Level 4)
  6. Raymond Aron
  7. J. L. Austin
  8. A. J. Ayer
  9. Gaston Bachelard
  10. Alain Badiou
  11. Georges Bataille
  12. Simone de Beauvoir (Level 4)
  13. Henri Bergson (Level 4)
  14. Isaiah Berlin (Level 4)
  15. Simon Blackburn
  16. Maurice Blanchot
  17. Bernard Bosanquet (philosopher)
  18. F. H. Bradley
  19. Martin Buber
  20. Ludwig Büchner
  21. Georges Canguilhem
  22. Thomas Carlyle
  23. Rudolf Carnap
  24. Ernst Cassirer
  25. Pyotr Chaadayev
  26. Houston Stewart Chamberlain
  27. Nikolay Chernyshevsky
  28. Emil Cioran
  29. R. G. Collingwood
  30. Auguste Comte (Level 4)
  31. Benjamin Constant
  32. Victor Cousin
  33. Benedetto Croce
  34. Gilles Deleuze
  35. Jacques Derrida (Level 4)
  36. Pierre Duhem
  37. Rudolf Christoph Eucken
  38. Julius Evola
  39. Luc Ferry
  40. Ludwig Feuerbach
  41. Paul Feyerabend
  42. Antony Flew
  43. Pavel Florensky
  44. Michel Foucault (Level 4)
  45. Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov
  46. Hans-Georg Gadamer
  47. A. C. Grayling
  48. T. H. Green
  49. Félix Guattari
  50. Jürgen Habermas (Level 4)
  51. R. M. Hare
  52. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Level 4)
  53. Martin Heidegger (Level 4)
  54. Johann Friedrich Herbart
  55. John Hick
  56. Jaakko Hintikka
  57. Friedrich Hölderlin
  58. Edmund Husserl (Level 4)
  59. Ivan Illich
  60. Karl Jaspers
  61. Eino Kaila
  62. Aleksey Khomyakov
  63. Søren Kierkegaard (Level 4)
  64. Julia Kristeva
  65. Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe
  66. Imre Lakatos
  67. Dominique Lecourt
  68. Emmanuel Levinas
  69. Bernard-Henri Lévy
  70. Hermann Lotze
  71. Karl Löwith
  72. Jean-François Lyotard
  73. György Lukács
  74. Alasdair MacIntyre
  75. Gabriel Marcel
  76. Maurice Merleau-Ponty
  77. Mary Midgley
  78. John Stuart Mill (Level 4)
  79. G. E. Moore
  80. Jean-Luc Nancy
  81. Otto Neurath
  82. Friedrich Nietzsche (Level 3)
  83. Michel Onfray
  84. José Ortega y Gasset
  85. Derek Parfit
  86. Michael Polanyi
  87. Karl Popper (Level 4)
  88. Paul Ricœur
  89. Alfred Rosenberg
  90. Bertrand Russell (Level 4)
  91. Gilbert Ryle
  92. George Santayana
  93. Jean-Paul Sartre (Level 4)
  94. Max Scheler
  95. Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
  96. Friedrich Schleiermacher
  97. Moritz Schlick
  98. Arthur Schopenhauer (Level 4)
  99. Albert Schweitzer
  100. Roger Scruton
  101. Lev Shestov
  102. Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)
  103. Oswald Spengler
  104. Rudolf Steiner
  105. Bernard Stiegler
  106. Max Stirner
  107. Miguel de Unamuno
  108. Alan Watts
  109. William Whewell
  110. Alfred North Whitehead (Level 4)
  111. Bernard Williams
  112. Ludwig Wittgenstein (Level 4)
  113. Slavoj Žižek

Oceania (3 articles)

  1. J. L. Mackie
  2. Peter Singer
  3. David Stove

Historians (177/175 articles)

Ancient (28/30 articles)

  1. Arrian
  2. Ban Gu
  3. Ban Zhao
  4. Cassius Dio
  5. Lucius Cincius Alimentus
  6. Quintus Curtius Rufus
  7. Eusebius (Level 4)
  8. Quintus Fabius Pictor
  9. Gregory of Tours
  10. Herodian
  11. Herodotus (Level 3)
  12. Josephus (Level 4)
  13. Livy
  14. Manetho
  15. Megasthenes
  16. Pamphile of Epidaurus
  17. Plutarch (Level 4)
  18. Polybius
  19. Procopius
  20. Sallust
  21. Sima Qian (Level 4)
  22. Socrates of Constantinople
  23. Sozomen
  24. Suetonius
  25. Tacitus (Level 4)
  26. Thucydides (Level 4)
  27. Xenophon (Level 4)
  28. Zuo Qiuming

Post-classical (11/10 articles)

  1. Bede (Level 4)
  2. Jean Froissart (Level 4)
  3. Geoffrey of Monmouth (Level 4)
  4. Hrotsvitha
  5. Ibn Khaldun (Level 3)
  6. Anna Komnene
  7. Al-Masudi
  8. Michael Psellos
  9. Rashid al-Din Hamadani
  10. Sima Guang
  11. Snorri Sturluson

Early modern (15/15 articles)

  1. Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
  2. Pierre Claude François Daunou
  3. Peter Force
  4. Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
  5. Edward Gibbon (Level 4)
  6. François Guizot
  7. Hyacinth (Bichurin)
  8. Johannes Magnus
  9. Johannes Messenius
  10. John of Ephesus
  11. Nikolay Karamzin (Level 4)
  12. James Mill
  13. Matrakçı Nasuh
  14. Sai On
  15. Julius Wellhausen

Late modern (123/120 articles)

  1. Brooks Adams
  2. Henry Adams
  3. Stephen E. Ambrose
  4. Charles McLean Andrews
  5. Philippe Ariès
  6. François Victor Alphonse Aulard
  7. George Bancroft
  8. Vasily Bartold
  9. Jacques Barzun
  10. Charles Bean
  11. Charles A. Beard (Level 4)
  12. Antony Beevor
  13. Samuel Flagg Bemis
  14. Ernst Bernheim
  15. Geoffrey Blainey
  16. Marc Bloch
  17. Daniel J. Boorstin
  18. Randolph L. Braham
  19. Fernand Braudel (Level 4)
  20. David Bret
  21. James Bryce, 1st Viscount Bryce
  22. Robert Caro
  23. E. H. Carr
  24. Bruce Catton
  25. Edward Channing
  26. Ron Chernow
  27. Manning Clark
  28. Henry Steele Commager
  29. Robert Conquest
  30. John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton
  31. John Charles Dent
  32. Bernard DeVoto
  33. Johann Gustav Droysen
  34. Ariel Durant
  35. Will Durant
  36. Elizabeth Eisenstein
  37. Mircea Eliade
  38. Elizabeth F. Ellet
  39. Richard J. Evans
  40. Lucien Febvre
  41. Niall Ferguson
  42. Robert Fogel
  43. John Hope Franklin
  44. Douglas Southall Freeman
  45. Egon Friedell
  46. James Anthony Froude
  47. Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
  48. Samuel Rawson Gardiner
  49. Eugene Genovese
  50. Pieter Geyl
  51. Yuval Noah Harari
  52. Karl von Hegel
  53. Christopher Hill (historian)
  54. Eric Hobsbawm (Level 4)
  55. Richard Hofstadter
  56. Michael Howard (historian)
  57. Huang Xianfan
  58. Johan Huizinga
  59. Walter Isaacson
  60. C. L. R. James
  61. Ian Kershaw
  62. Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
  63. Karl Lamprecht
  64. Philippa Langley
  65. Marcia Langton
  66. Jacques Le Goff
  67. Georges Lefebvre
  68. Bernard Lewis
  69. Elizabeth Longford
  70. Thomas Babington Macaulay
  71. Stuart Macintyre
  72. Frederic William Maitland
  73. Manning Marable
  74. David McCullough
  75. J. R. McNeill
  76. William H. McNeill (historian)
  77. Jules Michelet
  78. Samuel Eliot Morison
  79. Benny Morris
  80. John Lothrop Motley
  81. Lewis Namier
  82. Allan Nevins
  83. Douglass North
  84. František Palacký
  85. Ilan Pappé
  86. Francis Parkman
  87. Vernon Louis Parrington
  88. Robert Paxton
  89. Henri Pirenne
  90. William H. Prescott
  91. Benjamin Arthur Quarles
  92. Leopold von Ranke (Level 4)
  93. Ernest Renan
  94. Henry Reynolds (historian)
  95. James Harvey Robinson
  96. Simon Schama
  97. Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.
  98. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
  99. Avi Shlaim
  100. Quentin Skinner
  101. Albert Soboul
  102. Sergey Solovyov (historian)
  103. Jared Sparks
  104. David Starkey
  105. Lawrence Stone
  106. Lytton Strachey
  107. R. H. Tawney
  108. A. J. P. Taylor (Level 4)
  109. Studs Terkel
  110. Arnold J. Toynbee
  111. Trần Trọng Kim
  112. Heinrich von Treitschke
  113. G. M. Trevelyan
  114. Hugh Trevor-Roper
  115. Barbara W. Tuchman
  116. Frederick Jackson Turner (Level 4)
  117. Shoqan Walikhanov
  118. Richard Wolin
  119. Carter G. Woodson
  120. C. Vann Woodward
  121. Wu Han (historian)
  122. Yu Ying-shih
  123. Howard Zinn

Social scientists (763/750 articles)

Economists and business theorists (135/135 articles)

  1. George Akerlof
  2. Maurice Allais
  3. Kenneth Arrow
  4. Emily Greene Balch
  5. Abhijit Banerjee
  6. Frédéric Bastiat
  7. Gary Becker
  8. Ben Bernanke
  9. William Beveridge
  10. Fischer Black
  11. Olivier Blanchard
  12. John Bowring
  13. Lujo Brentano
  14. James M. Buchanan
  15. Arthur F. Burns
  16. Richard Cantillon
  17. Ronald Coase
  18. Tyler Cowen
  19. Angus Deaton
  20. Gérard Debreu
  21. Peter Diamond
  22. Esther Duflo
  23. Robert F. Engle
  24. Eugene Fama
  25. Irving Fisher
  26. Milton Friedman (Level 4)
  27. Ragnar Frisch
  28. Walther Funk
  29. John Kenneth Galbraith (Level 4)
  30. Henry George
  31. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
  32. Hermann Heinrich Gossen
  33. Clive Granger
  34. Alan Greenspan
  35. Trygve Haavelmo
  36. Alvin Hansen
  37. Lars Peter Hansen
  38. John Harsanyi
  39. Oliver Hart (economist)
  40. Friedrich Hayek (Level 4)
  41. James Heckman
  42. Eli Heckscher
  43. John Hicks
  44. J. A. Hobson
  45. Bengt Holmström
  46. Leonid Hurwicz
  47. William Stanley Jevons
  48. Michał Kalecki
  49. John Maynard Keynes (Level 4)
  50. Lawrence Klein
  51. Tjalling Koopmans
  52. Michael Kremer
  53. Paul Krugman
  54. Simon Kuznets
  55. Finn E. Kydland
  56. Wassily Leontief
  57. W. Arthur Lewis
  58. Friedrich List
  59. Robert Lucas Jr.
  60. Thomas Robert Malthus (Level 4)
  61. Harry Markowitz
  62. Alfred Marshall
  63. Karl Marx (Level 3)
  64. Eric Maskin
  65. Daniel McFadden
  66. James Meade
  67. Carl Menger
  68. Robert C. Merton
  69. Merton Miller
  70. James Mirrlees
  71. Ludwig von Mises
  72. Wesley Clair Mitchell
  73. Franco Modigliani
  74. Dale T. Mortensen
  75. Dambisa Moyo, Baroness Moyo
  76. Robert Mundell
  77. Roger Myerson
  78. Gunnar Myrdal
  79. William Nordhaus
  80. Bertil Ohlin
  81. Elinor Ostrom
  82. Luca Pacioli
  83. Vilfredo Pareto (Level 4)
  84. William Petty
  85. Edmund Phelps
  86. Arthur Cecil Pigou
  87. Thomas Piketty
  88. Christopher A. Pissarides
  89. Michael Porter
  90. Edward C. Prescott
  91. François Quesnay
  92. Raghuram Rajan
  93. David Ricardo (Level 4)
  94. Joan Robinson
  95. Paul Romer
  96. Alvin E. Roth
  97. Nouriel Roubini
  98. Jeffrey Sachs
  99. Paul Samuelson (Level 4)
  100. Thomas J. Sargent
  101. Jean-Baptiste Say
  102. Hjalmar Schacht
  103. Thomas Schelling
  104. Myron Scholes
  105. E. F. Schumacher
  106. Joseph Schumpeter
  107. Theodore Schultz
  108. Edwin R. A. Seligman
  109. Reinhard Selten
  110. Amartya Sen
  111. William F. Sharpe
  112. James Shikwati
  113. Robert J. Shiller
  114. Herbert A. Simon
  115. Christopher A. Sims
  116. Adam Smith (Level 3)
  117. Vernon L. Smith
  118. Robert Solow
  119. Werner Sombart
  120. Michael Spence
  121. George Stigler
  122. Joseph Stiglitz
  123. Richard Stone
  124. Lawrence Summers
  125. F. W. Taussig
  126. Richard Thaler
  127. Jan Tinbergen
  128. Jean Tirole
  129. James Tobin
  130. Thorstein Veblen
  131. William Vickrey
  132. Léon Walras
  133. Oliver E. Williamson
  134. Janet Yellen
  135. Muhammad Yunus

Political scientists, theorists, and writers (49/50 articles)

  1. Michel Aflaq
  2. Benedict Anderson
  3. Mikhail Bakunin (Level 4)
  4. Murray Bookchin
  5. Harry Browne
  6. Zbigniew Brzezinski
  7. Ralph Bunche
  8. Edmund Burke (Level 4)
  9. Malcolm Caldwell
  10. Chanakya (Level 4)
  11. Anders Chydenius
  12. Anacharsis Cloots
  13. Joseph Déjacque
  14. Aleksandr Dugin
  15. Norman Finkelstein
  16. George Friedman
  17. Francis Fukuyama
  18. Ernest Gellner
  19. Giovanni Gentile
  20. William Godwin
  21. Antonio Gramsci (Level 4)
  22. Thomas Hobbes (Level 4)
  23. Samuel P. Huntington
  24. Fredric Jameson
  25. Kang Youwei
  26. Hugo Kołłątaj
  27. Peter Kropotkin (Level 4)
  28. Christian Lous Lange
  29. John Locke (Level 3)
  30. Niccolò Machiavelli (Level 3)
  31. Charles Maurras
  32. Montesquieu (Level 4)
  33. Hans Morgenthau
  34. Charles Murray (political scientist)
  35. Thomas Paine (Level 4)
  36. Frances Fox Piven
  37. Robert D. Putnam
  38. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (Level 4)
  39. Murray Rothbard
  40. Karl Rove
  41. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
  42. Nate Silver
  43. Thomas Sowell
  44. Herbert Spencer (Level 4)
  45. Lysander Spooner
  46. Leo Strauss
  47. Alexis de Tocqueville (Level 4)
  48. Mary Wollstonecraft (Level 3)
  49. Francis Parker Yockey

Linguists (95/95 articles)

  1. Gabdulkhay Akhatov
  2. Mikhail Bakhtin
  3. Charles Bally
  4. Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
  5. Derek Bickerton
  6. Leonard Bloomfield
  7. Andrzej Bogusławski
  8. Franz Bopp
  9. Cyrus Byington
  10. Lyle Campbell
  11. Noam Chomsky (Level 4)
  12. Eve V. Clark
  13. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
  14. Matija Čop
  15. Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
  16. Vladimir Dal
  17. Robert M. W. Dixon
  18. Georges Dumézil
  19. Penelope Eckert
  20. Herbert Giles
  21. Joseph Greenberg
  22. Paul Grice
  23. Mary Haas
  24. Kenneth L. Hale
  25. Morris Halle
  26. Michael Halliday
  27. Zellig Harris
  28. Irene Heim
  29. James Curtis Hepburn
  30. Louis Hjelmslev
  31. Wilhelm von Humboldt
  32. Dell Hymes
  33. Ray Jackendoff
  34. Roman Jakobson
  35. Otto Jespersen
  36. William Jones (philologist)
  37. Daniel Kane (linguist)
  38. Richard S. Kayne
  39. Vuk Karadžić
  40. Paul Kiparsky
  41. Athanasius Kircher
  42. Samuel Kleinschmidt
  43. Boris Kolker
  44. Jernej Kopitar
  45. Angelika Kratzer
  46. Emil Krebs
  47. William Labov
  48. Peter Ladefoged
  49. George Lakoff
  50. Juri Lotman
  51. Alec Marantz
  52. Mesrop Mashtots
  53. Bedřich Hrozný
  54. George M. McCune
  55. Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti
  56. Marianne Mithun
  57. Max Müller
  58. David Nash (linguist)
  59. Johanna Nichols
  60. Marc Okrand
  61. Pāṇini (Level 4)
  62. Barbara Partee
  63. David J. Peterson
  64. Paul Pimsleur
  65. Steven Pinker
  66. Rasmus Rask
  67. Edwin O. Reischauer
  68. John R. Ross
  69. Jerzy Rubach
  70. Edward Sapir
  71. Ferdinand de Saussure (Level 4)
  72. August Schleicher
  73. Johann Martin Schleyer
  74. Albert Sechehaye
  75. Sequoyah (Level 4)
  76. Michael Silverstein
  77. Walter William Skeat
  78. William A. Smalley
  79. Sergei Starostin
  80. Morris Swadesh
  81. Michel Thomas
  82. Alfredo Trombetti
  83. Nikolai Trubetzkoy
  84. Keng Vannsak
  85. Michael Ventris
  86. Thomas Francis Wade
  87. Noah Webster (Level 4)
  88. Benjamin Lee Whorf
  89. Anna Wierzbicka
  90. Xu Shen
  91. Shong Lue Yang
  92. L. L. Zamenhof
  93. Zhou Youguang
  94. Pio Zirimu
  95. Ghil'ad Zuckermann

Sociologists (69/70 articles)

  1. Theodor W. Adorno (Level 4)
  2. Jean Baudrillard
  3. Ulrich Beck
  4. Daniel Bell
  5. Peter Blau
  6. Pierre Bourdieu (Level 4)
  7. Manuel Castells
  8. Nicholas Christakis
  9. Stanley Cohen (sociologist)
  10. James Samuel Coleman
  11. Charles Horton Cooley
  12. Vahakn Dadrian
  13. Ralf Dahrendorf
  14. Guy Debord
  15. Wilhelm Dilthey
  16. W. E. B. Du Bois (Level 4)
  17. Émile Durkheim (Level 4)
  18. Norbert Elias
  19. Friedrich Engels (Level 4)
  20. Fei Xiaotong
  21. George Fitzhugh
  22. E. Franklin Frazier
  23. Harold Garfinkel
  24. Anthony Giddens
  25. Erving Goffman
  26. Ziya Gökalp
  27. Paul Goodman
  28. Jack Halberstam
  29. Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)
  30. George C. Homans
  31. Max Horkheimer
  32. Akhtar Hameed Khan
  33. Alexandre Lacassagne
  34. Paul Lazarsfeld
  35. Bruno Latour
  36. Yuri Levada
  37. Seymour Martin Lipset
  38. Cesare Lombroso
  39. Niklas Luhmann
  40. Karl Mannheim
  41. James G. March
  42. Herbert Marcuse
  43. Harriet Martineau
  44. Marcel Mauss (Level 4)
  45. George Herbert Mead
  46. Robert K. Merton
  47. John W. Meyer
  48. C. Wright Mills
  49. Lewis Mumford
  50. Antonio Negri
  51. Robert E. Park
  52. Talcott Parsons (Level 4)
  53. Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play
  54. Albion Woodbury Small
  55. Georg Simmel
  56. Henri de Saint-Simon
  57. Pitirim Sorokin
  58. William Graham Sumner
  59. Charles Tilly
  60. Ferdinand Tönnies
  61. Immanuel Wallerstein
  62. Lester Frank Ward
  63. Max Weber (Level 4)
  64. Edvard Westermarck
  65. Harrison White
  66. Raymond Williams
  67. Louis Wirth
  68. Marvin Wolfgang
  69. Florian Znaniecki

Anthropologists and archaeologists (95/95 articles)

  1. Lila Abu-Lughod
  2. Arjun Appadurai
  3. John Aubrey
  4. Su Bai
  5. Robert Ballard
  6. Gregory Bateson
  7. Giovanni Belzoni
  8. Ruth Benedict
  9. Lewis Binford
  10. Hiram Bingham III
  11. Davidson Black
  12. Carl Blegen
  13. Franz Boas (Level 4)
  14. Dmitri Bondarenko
  15. James Henry Breasted
  16. Howard Carter
  17. Alfonso Caso
  18. Napoleon Chagnon
  19. Jean-François Champollion
  20. V. Gordon Childe
  21. Grahame Clark
  22. O. G. S. Crawford
  23. Alexander Cunningham
  24. Regna Darnell
  25. Mary Douglas
  26. Eugène Dubois
  27. Ann Dunham
  28. Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
  29. A. P. Elkin
  30. Arthur Evans
  31. E. E. Evans-Pritchard
  32. Paul Farmer
  33. George R. Fischer
  34. Dian Fossey
  35. James George Frazer
  36. Birutė Galdikas
  37. Manuel Gamio
  38. Clifford Geertz (Level 4)
  39. Francis James Gillen
  40. Marija Gimbutas
  41. David Graeber
  42. Marvin Harris
  43. Zahi Hawass
  44. George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon
  45. Ian Hodder
  46. Earnest Hooton
  47. Arthur Keith
  48. Kathleen Kenyon
  49. Anatoly Khazanov
  50. Mary Kingsley
  51. Adam František Kollár
  52. Andrey Korotayev
  53. Alfred Kroeber
  54. Jaap Kunst
  55. Adam Kuper
  56. Louis Leakey
  57. Mary Leakey
  58. Richard Leakey
  59. Richard Borshay Lee
  60. Claude Lévi-Strauss (Level 4)
  61. Ralph Linton
  62. Robert Lowie
  63. Bronisław Malinowski (Level 4)
  64. John Marshall (archaeologist)
  65. Margaret Mead (Level 4)
  66. Sidney Mintz
  67. Ashley Montagu
  68. Lewis H. Morgan
  69. Iolo Morganwg
  70. Margaret Murray
  71. Sherry Ortner
  72. Elsie Clews Parsons
  73. Flinders Petrie
  74. Karl Polanyi
  75. Alfred Radcliffe-Brown (Level 4)
  76. Colin Renfrew
  77. Audrey Richards
  78. Marshall Sahlins
  79. Nancy Scheper-Hughes
  80. Heinrich Schliemann (Level 4)
  81. George Smith (Assyriologist)
  82. Walter Baldwin Spencer
  83. Melford Spiro
  84. Marilyn Strathern
  85. William Stukeley
  86. Josef Szombathy
  87. Edward Burnett Tylor
  88. Sherwood Washburn
  89. Camilla Wedgwood
  90. Mortimer Wheeler
  91. Clark Wissler
  92. Johann Joachim Winckelmann
  93. Eric Wolf
  94. Nur Yalman
  95. Namkhai Norbu

Art historians, theorists and critics (78/75 articles)

  1. Roland Barthes
  2. André Bazin
  3. Michael Barrier
  4. Jerry Beck
  5. Giannalberto Bendazzi
  6. Paul Bénichou
  7. Walter Benjamin
  8. Bernard Berenson
  9. Mary Berenson
  10. John Berger
  11. Harold Bloom
  12. Anthony Blunt
  13. Anita Brookner
  14. T. Allston Brown
  15. Kevin Brownlow
  16. Jacob Burckhardt
  17. Joseph Campbell
  18. John Canaday
  19. John Canemaker
  20. Kenneth Clark
  21. Cyril Connolly
  22. William Dalrymple (historian)
  23. Arthur Danto
  24. Paul de Man
  25. Gaston Deschamps
  26. Sergei Diaghilev
  27. Terry Eagleton
  28. Roger Fry
  29. Northrop Frye
  30. Maureen Furniss
  31. Mary Garrard
  32. Henry Louis Gates Jr.
  33. Henry Geldzahler
  34. Édouard Glissant
  35. Edmond de Goncourt
  36. Clement Greenberg
  37. Rufus Wilmot Griswold
  38. Friedrich Gundolf
  39. Eduard Hanslick
  40. William Hazlitt
  41. T. E. Hulme
  42. S. T. Joshi
  43. Otto Kallir
  44. Donald Keene
  45. Louis Leroy
  46. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (Level 4)
  47. Roberto Longhi
  48. D. S. Mirsky
  49. Linda Nochlin
  50. Camille Paglia
  51. Erwin Panofsky
  52. Frank Popper
  53. Vladimir Propp
  54. Arlene Raven
  55. Pierre Restany
  56. Jean Ricardou
  57. Pierre Rosenberg
  58. William Michael Rossetti
  59. John Ruskin
  60. Edward Said (Level 4)
  61. Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve
  62. George Saintsbury
  63. Jerry Saltz
  64. Anita Sarkeesian
  65. Andrew Sarris
  66. Nicholas Serota
  67. Viktor Shklovsky
  68. Bernard Smith (art historian)
  69. Frederic George Stephens
  70. Stobaeus
  71. John Addington Symonds
  72. Hippolyte Taine
  73. Lionel Trilling
  74. Giorgio Vasari (Level 4)
  75. Helen Vendler
  76. Thomas Warton
  77. Edmund Wilson
  78. Zheng Zhenduo

Musicologists and music theorists (17/15 articles)

  1. Guido Adler
  2. Charles Burney
  3. Friedrich Chrysander
  4. Edmond de Coussemaker
  5. Carl Dahlhaus
  6. François-Joseph Fétis
  7. Johann Nikolaus Forkel
  8. Franco of Cologne
  9. George Grove
  10. Guido of Arezzo
  11. Komitas
  12. Hugo Riemann
  13. Heinrich Schenker
  14. Nicolas Slonimsky
  15. Johannes Tinctoris
  16. Egon Wellesz
  17. Gioseffo Zarlino

Classicists (16/15 articles)

  1. Mary Beard (classicist)
  2. John Beazley
  3. Richard Bentley
  4. Walter Burkert
  5. Isaac Casaubon
  6. Kenneth Dover
  7. Eduard Fraenkel
  8. Edith Hamilton
  9. Karl Lachmann
  10. Theodor Mommsen (Level 4)
  11. Richard Porson
  12. Joseph Justus Scaliger
  13. Ronald Syme
  14. Martin Litchfield West
  15. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
  16. Friedrich August Wolf

Educators (40/40 articles)

  1. Felix Adler (professor)
  2. Stella Adler
  3. Amos Bronson Alcott
  4. Mary McLeod Bethune
  5. Louis Braille (Level 4)
  6. Oscar Browning
  7. Nicholas Murray Butler
  8. James B. Conant
  9. Ezra Cornell
  10. Jane Elliott
  11. Jaime Escalante
  12. Drew Gilpin Faust
  13. Abraham Flexner
  14. Paulo Freire
  15. Friedrich Fröbel
  16. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
  17. A. Bartlett Giamatti
  18. John Harvard (clergyman)
  19. Valentin Haüy
  20. Émile Jaques-Dalcroze
  21. Syed Ahmad Khan
  22. Helen Kim
  23. Clark Kerr
  24. Anton Makarenko
  25. Horace Mann
  26. William Holmes McGuffey
  27. Inés Mendoza
  28. Maria Montessori (Level 4)
  29. A. S. Neill
  30. Alice Freeman Palmer
  31. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
  32. William Huntington Russell
  33. Egerton Ryerson
  34. Isawa Shūji
  35. Lee Strasberg
  36. Anne Sullivan
  37. Konstantin Ushinsky
  38. Eleazar Wheelock
  39. Kate Douglas Wiggin
  40. Elihu Yale

Forensic sciences (10/10 articles)

  1. Michael Baden
  2. William M. Bass
  3. Frank Bender
  4. Henry Faulds
  5. Calvin Hooker Goddard
  6. Hans Gross
  7. Edmond Locard
  8. Walter McCrone
  9. Albert S. Osborn
  10. Porntip Rojanasunan

Geographers and cartographers (29/25 articles)

  1. Martin Behaim
  2. Charles Marie de La Condamine
  3. Guillaume Delisle
  4. George Everest
  5. Oronce Fine
  6. James Gall
  7. Yaqut al-Hamawi
  8. Heinrich Harrer
  9. Sven Hedin
  10. Jodocus Hondius
  11. Muhammad al-Idrisi
  12. Cosmas Indicopleustes
  13. Johann Karl Ehrenfried Kegel
  14. Wladimir Köppen
  15. James Lovelock
  16. Halford Mackinder
  17. Clements Markham
  18. Gerardus Mercator
  19. Pomponius Mela
  20. Abraham Ortelius
  21. Pausanias (geographer)
  22. Arno Peters
  23. Jacques Piccard
  24. Piri Reis
  25. Matthias Ringmann
  26. Carl Ritter
  27. Strabo
  28. Martin Waldseemüller
  29. Don Walsh

Jurists (78/75 articles)

  1. Bella Abzug
  2. Gloria Allred
  3. Garfield Barwick
  4. Cesare Beccaria (Level 4)
  5. Derrick Bell
  6. Melvin Belli
  7. Hugo Black
  8. Harry Blackmun
  9. William Blackstone (Level 4)
  10. Gustave Boissonade
  11. Robert Bork
  12. Paolo Borsellino
  13. Louis Brandeis
  14. William J. Brennan Jr.
  15. Vincent Bugliosi
  16. Warren E. Burger
  17. James Busby
  18. René Cassin
  19. Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
  20. Johnnie Cochran
  21. Roy Cohn
  22. Edward Coke
  23. Kimberlé Crenshaw
  24. Clarence Darrow
  25. Tom Denning, Baron Denning
  26. Alan Dershowitz
  27. Owen Dixon
  28. William O. Douglas
  29. Abd El-Razzak El-Sanhuri
  30. Giovanni Falcone
  31. Ben Ferencz
  32. David Dudley Field II
  33. Hans Frank
  34. Roland Freisler
  35. Melville Fuller
  36. Gaius (jurist)
  37. Alberico Gentili
  38. Ruth Bader Ginsburg
  39. Rudolf von Gneist
  40. Mike Godwin
  41. Hugo Grotius (Level 4)
  42. Learned Hand
  43. John Marshall Harlan
  44. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
  45. Hans Kelsen
  46. William Kunstler
  47. Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey
  48. Raphael Lemkin
  49. Lawrence Lessig
  50. Francis Lieber
  51. Robert R. Livingston
  52. Catharine A. MacKinnon
  53. John Marshall (Level 4)
  54. Thurgood Marshall
  55. Abner Mikva
  56. Sergio Moro
  57. William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (Level 4)
  58. Sandra Day O'Connor
  59. Papinian
  60. Radhabinod Pal
  61. Richard Posner
  62. Robert Joseph Pothier
  63. Roscoe Pound
  64. William Rehnquist
  65. John Roberts
  66. Antonin Scalia
  67. Carl Schmitt
  68. Ken Starr
  69. John Paul Stevens
  70. Potter Stewart
  71. Joseph Story
  72. William Stoughton (judge)
  73. Roger B. Taney
  74. Clarence Thomas
  75. Tribonian
  76. Jeremy Waldron
  77. Earl Warren
  78. Byron White

Library science and curators (11/10 articles)

  1. Mary Louisa Armitt
  2. James H. Billington
  3. Frances Mary Richardson Currer
  4. Melvil Dewey
  5. Jacqueline Noel
  6. Paul Otlet
  7. Anthony Panizzi
  8. S. R. Ranganathan
  9. Martin Schrettinger
  10. Claire Kelly Schultz
  11. Louis Timothee

Public relations, marketing and advertising theorists (11/10 articles)

  1. Edward Bernays (Level 4)
  2. William Bernbach
  3. Leo Burnett
  4. Robert Cialdini
  5. Scott Cutlip
  6. Pendleton Dudley
  7. Ivy Lee
  8. David Ogilvy (businessman)
  9. Charles Saatchi
  10. Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi
  11. Philip Kotler

Sexologists (10/10 articles)

  1. Havelock Ellis
  2. Magnus Hirschfeld
  3. Evelyn Hooker
  4. Virginia E. Johnson
  5. Alfred Kinsey (Level 4)
  6. Richard von Krafft-Ebing
  7. William Masters
  8. John Money
  9. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
  10. Kurt Warnekros

Other social sciences (20/20 articles)

  1. Gloria E. Anzaldúa
  2. James Braid (surgeon)
  3. Mike Davis (scholar)
  4. Jared Diamond
  5. Robin DiAngelo
  6. Cheikh Anta Diop
  7. Robert Ettinger
  8. Shulamith Firestone
  9. Germaine Greer
  10. Aubrey de Grey
  11. Luce Irigaray
  12. Isocrates
  13. Jane Jacobs (Level 4)
  14. Ibram X. Kendi
  15. Ray Kurzweil
  16. Simon Leys
  17. Kate Millett
  18. Ellen Swallow Richards
  19. Whitney Smith
  20. Monique Wittig

Psychologists (106/100 articles)

  1. Alfred Adler
  2. Mary Ainsworth
  3. Gordon Allport (Level 4)
  4. Alois Alzheimer
  5. Elliot Aronson
  6. Solomon Asch
  7. David Ausubel
  8. Albert Bandura (Level 4)
  9. Frederic Bartlett
  10. Aaron Beck
  11. Martha E. Bernal
  12. Bruno Bettelheim
  13. Alfred Binet
  14. Susan Blackmore
  15. Eugen Bleuler
  16. Benjamin Bloom
  17. John Bowlby
  18. Katharine Cook Briggs
  19. Jerome Bruner
  20. Mary Whiton Calkins
  21. James McKeen Cattell
  22. Raymond Cattell (Level 4)
  23. Kenneth and Mamie Clark
  24. Simon Baron-Cohen
  25. Émile Coué
  26. Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
  27. Kazimierz Dąbrowski
  28. Park Dietz
  29. Hermann Ebbinghaus
  30. Paul Ekman
  31. Albert Ellis (Level 4)
  32. Milton H. Erickson
  33. Erik Erikson (Level 4)
  34. Hans Eysenck
  35. Gustav Fechner
  36. Leon Festinger (Level 4)
  37. Viktor Frankl
  38. Marie-Louise von Franz
  39. Anna Freud (Level 4)
  40. Sigmund Freud (Level 3)
  41. Erich Fromm
  42. Robert M. Gagné
  43. Howard Gardner
  44. Carol Gilligan
  45. Jonathan Haidt
  46. G. Stanley Hall
  47. Harry Harlow
  48. Donald O. Hebb
  49. Karen Horney
  50. Clark L. Hull
  51. Joseph Jastrow
  52. Carl Jung (Level 4)
  53. Daniel Kahneman
  54. Leo Kanner
  55. Melanie Klein
  56. Kurt Koffka
  57. Lawrence Kohlberg
  58. Heinz Kohut
  59. Emil Kraepelin
  60. Jacques Lacan
  61. R. D. Laing
  62. Timothy Leary
  63. Aleksei N. Leontiev
  64. Kurt Lewin (Level 4)
  65. Marsha M. Linehan
  66. Elizabeth Loftus
  67. Abraham Maslow (Level 4)
  68. Rollo May
  69. David McClelland
  70. Stanley Milgram
  71. George Armitage Miller (Level 4)
  72. Neal E. Miller
  73. Walter Mischel
  74. Lloyd Morrisett
  75. Hugo Münsterberg
  76. Isabel Briggs Myers
  77. Ulric Neisser
  78. Ivan Pavlov (Level 4)
  79. Fritz Perls
  80. Laura Perls
  81. Jordan Peterson
  82. Jean Piaget (Level 4)
  83. Robert Plomin
  84. Otto Rank
  85. Anatol Rapoport
  86. Carl Rogers (Level 4)
  87. Stanley Schachter
  88. Martin Seligman
  89. Muzafer Sherif
  90. Théodore Simon
  91. B. F. Skinner (Level 4)
  92. Charles Spearman
  93. Robert Sternberg
  94. Harry Stack Sullivan
  95. Thomas Szasz
  96. Lewis Terman
  97. Edward Thorndike (Level 4)
  98. Edward B. Titchener
  99. Lev Vygotsky (Level 4)
  100. Margaret Floy Washburn
  101. John B. Watson (Level 4)
  102. Ernst Heinrich Weber
  103. David Wechsler
  104. Donald Winnicott
  105. Wilhelm Wundt (Level 4)
  106. Philip Zimbardo


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