Template:Indic letters/Tai Tham with matras
| Syllable type | Ka | Kā | Ki | Kī | Kư | Kư̄ | Ku | Kū | Kē | Kǣ | Kō |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closed or open | ᨠ | ᨠᩣ | ᨠᩥ | ᨠᩦ | ᨠᩧ | ᨠᩨ | ᨠᩩ | ᨠᩪ | ᨠᩮ | ᨠᩯ | ᨠᩮᩣ |
| Kai | Kaư | Kau | Kō̹i | ||||||||
| Open | ᨠᩱ | ᨠᩲ | ᨠᩮᩢᩣ | ᨠᩮᩫᩢᩣ | ᨠᩮᩫᩣ | ᨠᩳ | ᨠᩭ | ||||
| Ko | Ka | Kō | Kœ̄ | Kō̹ | Ko̹ | ||||||
| Open | ᨠᩰᩡ | ᨠᩡ | ᨠᩰ | ᨠᩮᩬᩥ | ᨠᩮᩦ | ᨠᩬᩴ | ᨠᩴ | ᨠᩬᩳ | ᨠᩳ | ᨠᩰᩬᩡ | ᨠᩰᩬ |
| Closed | ᨠᩫ | ᨠᩢ | ᨠᩰᩫ | ᨠᩮᩥ | ᨠᩮᩦ | ᨠᩬ | ᨠᩬᩢ | ||||
| Kūa | Kīa | Kư̄a | |||||||||
| Open | ᨠ᩠ᩅᩫ | ᨠ᩠ᨿᩮ | ᨠᩮᩢ᩠ᨿ | ᨠᩮᩬᩥᩋ | ᨠᩮᩬᩨᩋ | ᨠᩮᩬᩨ | |||||
| Closed | ᨠ᩠ᩅ | ᨠ᩠ᨿ | ᨠᩮᩬᩥ | ᨠᩮᩬᩨ | |||||||
Notes:
- The transliteration scheme is an amalgamation of the ALA-LC schemes of Khmer[1], Pali[2] and Lao[3].
- Many of the matras include subscript wa (
), subscript ya (
), subscript a (
) or even the letter a (
) itself. Anusvara (
) and visarga (
) are also used. - In the relevant Tai languages, a short vowel in an open syllable includes an underlyinɡ ɡlottal stop.
Additional short vowels not shown above may be synthesised from the corresponding long vowel by appending visarga for open syllables (as shown for Ko) or applying mai sat (
) for closed syllables (as shown for Ko̹). Unlike the other languages, Lao instead replaces an ī or ư̄ glyph by the corresponding short vowel.
The lack of a vowel between consonants notated as consonants is indicated by vertically stacking the consonants, generally without their touching. The Brahmi style of writing final consonants small and low developed, as vestigially seen in Khmer and Lao, into using subscripting to indicate that a consonant had no vowel of its own. In theory this leaves it ambiguous as to whether a consonant precedes or follows the vowel, but ambiguous cases are rare. Finally, if there is no room for the consonant below, it may be left as an 'independent' consonant or. in some cases, written superscript. Occasionally the visible virama (ra haam) is used, but this may signify that the consonant so marked is silent. The vowel /a/ will be made explicit if the final consonant is notated by a letter and is included in the same stack as the initial consonant or is written in a stack just consisting of that consonant.
- ^ Reference ALALC_Khmer is to be supplied by {{Indic letters/Khmer with matras}}.
- ^ Pali (in various scripts) romanization table (ALA-LC)
- ^ [https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/lao.pdf Lao romanization table (ALA-LC)
Usage[edit]
{{Indic letters/Tai Tham with matras}} is used to add the boilerplate for Tai Tham script consonant letters in articles such as Ka (Indic). It shows the vowel matras applied to the consonant and tells how the absence of a vowel is marked. While the system is simple for Pali, it is more complicated for each Tai language (Northern Thai, Tai Khün, Tai Lü and Lao), let alone all four together, and the description might need many revisions.
A typical usage would be as {{Indic letters/Tai Tham with matras|K|ᨠ|High Ka}}, for the letter High Ka.
Parameters[edit]
|1=or first unnamed parameter. The transliteration of the letter. An IAST-style transliteration is used, so this might not be the same as the usual name of the letter.|2=or second unnamed parameter. The letter itself in the Tai Tham script.|3=or third unnamed parameter. The 'name' of the letter as used in the article. It appears in the header of the table of matras. It defaults to the letter plus 'a', but this is only completely suitable for resonants. Optional|aa=. The usual shape of the dependent vowel Ā used with the consonant when a writing system uses both round Ā (ᩣ) and tall Ā (ᩤ). These may be regarded as presentation forms of one another, though following the precedent of Burmese, Unicode encodes them separately. Optional and defaults to round, so|aa=tallis the only form that should appear in any invocations.|nolo=1. The four consonants ᨢ, ᨤ, ᨪ and, glyphically at least, ᩌ do not occur in Lao. The presence of this parameter suppresses display of Lao-only matras. The lo in the parameter name is the language code for Lao.|novr=1. The presence of this parameter suppresses the explanation of how further short vowels are composed and how the absence of a vowel is marked. It is intended for the second and subsequent invocation of this template on a page. The vr stands for 'Vowel Reduction', covering both shortening and complete removal.