November 11

November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining.

Events

• 1215 - The Fourth Lateran Council meets, adopting the doctrine of transubstantiation, meaning that bread and wine are transformed into the body and blood of Christ.
• 1500 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
• 1620 - In what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod, the Mayflower Compact is signed on the Mayflower, establishing the basic laws for the Plymouth Colony.
• 1634 - Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes "An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery" (anal sex).
• 1675 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrated integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function.
• 1675 -Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
• 1831 - In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
• 1833 - Former United States President John Quincy Adams is first chief executive involved in a railroad accident when the Camden & Amboy train he is riding derails due to a broken axle caused by an overheated journal box in the meadows near Hightstown, New Jersey. He is uninjured and continues his trip onto Washington, D.C. the following day.
• 1834 - Hans Christian Andersen's The Ugly Duckling was first published.
• 1839 - The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea - Union General William Tecumseh Sherman begins burning Atlanta, Georgia to the ground in preparation for his march south.
• 1865 - Treaty of Sinchula is signed in which Bhutan ceded the areas east of the Teesta River to the British East India Company.
• 1874 - Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University.
• 1880 - Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourne.
• 1887 - Anarchist Haymarket Martyrs August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer and George Engel are executed.
• 1887 - Construction of the Manchester Ship Canal starts at Eastham.
• 1889 - Washington is admitted as the 42nd U.S. state.
• 1911 - Many cities in the midwest broke their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. (see The 11/11/11 cold wave).
• 1918 - World War I ends: Germany signs an armistice agreement with the Allies in a railroad car outside of Compiègne in France. The war officially stops at 11:00.
• 1918 - Józef Piłsudski comes to Warsaw and assumes supreme military power in Poland. Poland regains its independence.
• 1918 - Emperor Charles I of Austria abdicates.
• 1919 - The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the IWW.
• 1921 - The Tomb of the Unknowns is dedicated by US President Warren G. Harding at Arlington National Cemetery.
• 1923 - First try for a putsch by Hitler in Munich (Germany).
• 1930 - Patent number US1781541 was awarded to Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd for their invention, the Einstein refrigerator.
• 1933 - Dust Bowl: In South Dakota, a very strong dust storm strips topsoil from desiccated farmlands.
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Taranto - The Royal Navy launches the first aircraft carrier strike in history, on the Italian fleet at Taranto.
• 1940 - The German cruiser Atlantis captures top secret British mail, and sends it to Japan.
• 1940 - Armistice Day Blizzard: An unexpected blizzard kills 144 in U.S. Midwest.
• 1942 - Road to Morocco, starring Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Dorothy Lamour, premieres.
• 1946 - Radio station WWON (now WOON) at Woonsocket, Rhode Island begins broadcasting.
• 1962 - Kuwait's National Assembly ratifies the Constitution of Kuwait.
• 1965 - Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) was declared independent by the white minority regime of Ian Smith.
• 1966 - NASA launches spaceship Gemini 12.
• 1967 - Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, three American prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden.
• 1968 - Vietnam War: Operation Commando Hunt initiated. The goal was to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, through Laos into South Vietnam.
• 1968 - A second republic is declared in the Maldives.
• 1969 - Jim Morrison (The Doors) is arrested by the FBI after repeatedly prodding a stewardess.
• 1970 - First broadcast of Sesame Street.
• 1972 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - The United States Army turns over the massive Long Binh military base to South Vietnam.
• 1975 - Angola becomes independent from Portugal.
• 1975 - Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian Governor-General Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of Gough Whitlam and commissions Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister, and announces a general election to be held in early December.
• 1978 - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom succeeded Ibrahim Nasir as the president of the Republic of Maldives. He has since been re-elected for six consecutive 5-year terms.
  • A renovated Hollywood Sign is unveiled, replacing the older version that was built in 1923.
• 1986 - Sperry Rand and Burroughs merge to form Unisys, becoming the second largest computer company.
• 1988 - In Sacramento, California, police find a body buried in the lawn of 60-year-old boardinghouse landlady Dorothea Puente .
• 1992 - The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
• 1993 - Australian Prime minister P. J. Keating makes a famous speech at the dedication of the tomb and the burial of the unknown Australian soldier
• 1997 - Mary McAleese inaugurated as the eighth President of Ireland.
• 1997 - Marianne Biancuzzo is charged for drowning her newborn baby in a toilet and hiding the remains in a coffee can in Tucson, Arizona.
• 1999 - A six-storey apartment block collapses in Foggia, Italy, killing 62.
• 2000 - In Kaprun, Austria, 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
• 2004 - New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior dedicated at the National War Memorial, Wellington
  • Yasser Arafat is confirmed dead by the Palestine Liberation Organization, of unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later.
  • Official Guided by Voices Day in San Diego, California.
  • Mary McAleese inaugurated for a second term as President of Ireland.
• 2005 - David Irving, a British historian, is arrested in Austria on a 1989 warrant for offenses related to Holocaust denial.

Births

• 1050 - Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1106)
• 1154 - King Sancho I of Portugal (d. 1212)
• 1155 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
• 1220 - Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (d. 1271)
• 1493 - Paracelsus, doctor (d. 1541)
• 1493 - Bernardo Tasso, Italian poet (d. 1569)
• 1599 - Prince Octavio Piccolomini, Duke of Amalfi, Austrian field marshal (d. 1656)
• 1633 - George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, British statesman (d. 1695)
• 1668 - Johann Albert Fabricius, German classical scholar and bibliographer (d. 1736)
• 1743 - Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish naturalist (d. 1828)
• 1744 - Abigail Adams, First Lady of the United States (d. 1818)
• 1748 - King Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819)
• 1764 - Barbara Juliana, Baroness von Krüdener, Russian writer (d. 1824)
• 1791 - Josef Munzinger, Swiss Federal Councillor (d. 1855)
• 1792 - Mary Anne Evans, English wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)
• 1821 - Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Russian novelist (d. 1881)
• 1828 - Sri Deep Narayan Mahaprabhuji, Hindu saint (d. 1963)
• 1852 - Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925)
• 1863 - Paul Signac, French painter (d. 1935)
• 1864 - Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1921)
• 1869 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947)
• 1882 - King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
• 1885 - George Patton, American general (d. 1945)
• 1887 - Roland Young, American actor (d. 1953)
• 1889 - Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966)
• 1891 - Rabbit Maranville, baseball player (d. 1954)
• 1897 - Lucky Luciano, American gangster (d. 1962)
• 1898 - Rene Clair, French film director (d. 1981)
• 1899 - Pat O'Brien, American film actor (d. 1983)
• 1900 - Halina Konopacka, Polish athlete (d. 1989)
• 1901 - F. Van Wyck Mason, American author (d. 1978)
• 1903 - Sam Spiegel, Austrian-born film producer (d. 1985)
• 1904 - Alger Hiss, American government official and spy (d. 1994)
• 1904 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (d. 1960)
• 1909 - Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973)
• 1912 - Thomas C. Mann, American diplomat (d. 1999)
• 1914 - Howard Fast, American author (d. 2003)
• 1914 - Henry Wade, American lawyer (d. 2001)
• 1915 - William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)
• 1918 - Stubby Kaye, American comic actor (d. 1997)
• 1919 - Martin Balsam, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1919 - Kalle Päätalo, Finnish novelist (d. 2000)
• 1920 - Roy Jenkins, British politician (d. 2003)
• 1922 - Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., American novelist
• 1925 - June Whitfield, British comedienne
• 1925 - Jonathan Winters, American comedian and actor
• 1928 - LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997)
• 1928 - Carlos Fuentes, Mexican writer
• 1929 - Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German writer
• 1938 - Ants Antson, Estonian speed skater
• 1939 - Denise Alexander, American actress
• 1940 - Barbara Boxer, U.S. Senator
• 1943 - Doug Frost, Australian swimming coach
• 1944 - Jesse Colin Young, American musician (The Youngbloods)
• 1945 - Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
• 1950 - Mircea Dinescu, Romanian poet
• 1953 - Marshall Crenshaw, American musician
• 1959 - Lee Haney, American bodybuilder
• 1960 - Peter Parros, American actor
• 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor and film director
• 1961 - Corinne Hermès, French singer
• 1962 - Demi Moore, American actress
• 1962 - James Morrison, Australian musician
• 1964 - Judith Edelman, American musician
• 1964 - Calista Flockhart, American actress
• 1966 - Alison Doody, Irish actress
• 1967 - Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver
• 1969 - Carson Kressley, American fashion expert
• 1973 - Jason White, American musician (Green Day)
• 1974 - Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor
• 1977 - Ben Hollioake, English cricketer (d. 2002)
• 1980 - Willie Parker, American football player
• 1981 - Natalie Glebova, Russian-Canadian beauty queen
• 1981 - Bryant McFadden, American football player
• 1981 - Eoin Collins, Irish tennis player
• 1982 - Brittny Gastineau, American socialite and model
• 1985 - Kalan Porter, Canadian singer
• 1989 - Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer

Deaths

• 397 - Martin of Tours, French saint
• 537 - Pope Silverius, saint
• 1028 - Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire (b. 960)
• 1623 - Philippe de Mornay, French writer (b. 1549)
• 1686 - Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (b. 1621)
• 1686 - Otto von Guericke, German scientist, inventor, and politician (b. 1602)
• 1831 - Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b. 1800)
• 1855 - Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher (b. 1813)
• 1880 - Ned Kelly, Australian bushranger (hanged)
• 1880 - Lucretia Mott, American feminist and abolitionist (b. 1793)
• 1884 - Alfred Brehm German zoologist (b. 1827)
• 1887 - Haymarket martyrs:
• 1887 - George Engel (b. 1836)
• 1887 - Adolph Fischer (b. 1858)
• 1887 - Albert Parsons (b. 1848)
• 1887 - August Spies (b. 1855)
• 1917 - Liliuokalani of Hawaii, Queen of Hawaii (b. 1838)
• 1918 - George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier, last person to be killed in W.W.I.
• 1931 - Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese industrialist (b. 1840)
• 1939 - Jan Opletal, czech student, victim of nazi violence in Prague
• 1945 - Jerome David Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
• 1969 - Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (b. 1883)
• 1973 - David "Stringbean" Akeman, American banjo player (b. 1915)
• 1973 - Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
• 1974 - Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (b. 1894)
• 1975 - Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian geneticist (b. 1900)
• 1976 - Alexander Calder, American artist (b. 1898)
• 1977 - Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (b. 1903)
• 1979 - Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (b. 1894)
• 1997 - Rodney Milburn, American athlete (b. 1950)
• 1999 - Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961)
• 1999 - Jacobo Timmerman, Argentine writer and journalist (b. 1923)
• 2004 - Yasser Arafat, Palestinian leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1929)
• 2005- Lord Lichfield, British photographer
• 2005 - Peter Drucker, American management theorist (b. 1909)

Holidays and observances

• R.C. Saints - Martin of Tours
• Opening of carnival season in Germany ("Karneval"/"Fasching" on 11-11, at 11:11), the Netherlands, and other countries
• Also see November 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Angola - Independence Day (1975)
• Colombia - Independence of Cartagena, from the Spanish Army in (1918)
• Poland - Independence Day (1918)
• South Korea - Pepero Day
• United States - Veterans Day (Formerly "Armistice Day")
• Armistice Day in France and Belgium: end of World War I (1918)
• Lacplesis' Day (1919) in Latvia: the official date for commemoration of Latvian soldiers, who had died for the country's freedom.
• Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations, including United Kingdom and Canada

External links

• BBC: On This Day

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November 10 - November 12 - October 11 - December 11 -- listing of all days