Sara Gwendolen Foulke
Sara Gwendolen Foulke | |
|---|---|
| Born | 26 June 1863 Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania |
| Died | 13 December 1936 (aged 73) |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Gwendolen Foulke Andrews; Richard De Veaux |
| Occupation(s) | zoologist, marine biologist and poet |
| Known for | research into protoplasm |
| Notable work | The Living Substance as such: and as Organism; The poems of Richard De Veaux. |
Sara Gwendolen Foulke (26 June 1863 – 13 December 1936) was an American zoologist, marine biologist and poet. She worked on microscopic water inhabiting animals and her obituary described her work as "genius."
Biography[edit]
Foulke was born at Bala Farm, Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Julia DeVeaux Powel (daughter of John Hare Powel) and her husband, William Parker Foulke.[1][2] She was initially educated at private schools and subsequently attended Bryn Mawr College and the University of Pennsylvania.[1][2] Further into her career she studied and undertook research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and at the Station biologique de Roscoff.[1]
During the 1880s, Foulke focused her research on infusoria and rotifers, microscopic water inhabiting animals.[2] She published a number of scientific articles on the subject.[1][3] She also assisted Edward Potts by providing scientific illustrations for his publication Fresh water sponges; a monograph.[4]Later she became interested in investigating the behaviour and form of protoplasm.[1] In 1897, Foulke published an article titled The Living Substance as such, and as Organism in the Journal of Morphology.[5][1] This article was initially criticised.[5][6] Later in life Foulke developed an interest in child and animal psychology.[2] However, by the time of her death, this work was regarded by her obituary writer Henry Van Peters Wilson, as a work of "genius".[1]
Death and publication of her book of poetry[edit]
Foulke died on 13 December, 1936 at the age of 73 due to a heart attack at her home in Baltimore.[1] After her death, her husband published her poems in a two volume set under her pseudonym Richard De Veaux.[7][2]
Family[edit]
In 1894 Foulke was married to biologist Ethan Allen Andrews.[1] The couple had three children.[8]
Selected publications[edit]
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (1884). "Some Phenomena in the Life-History of Clathrulina elegans". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 36 (3): 17–19. ISSN 0097-3157. JSTOR 4060940. Wikidata Q106953254.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (1884). "On a New Species of Rotifer, of the Genus Apsilus". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 36 (3): 37–41. ISSN 0097-3157. JSTOR 4060957. Wikidata Q106953266.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (October 1884). "XXXIV.—Some phenomena in the life-history of Clathrulina elegans". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (82): 268–270. doi:10.1080/00222938409459807. ISSN 0374-5481. Wikidata Q56117742.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (1885). "XXV.—Chilomonas paramœcium". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 16 (94): 260–261. doi:10.1080/00222938509459880. ISSN 0374-5481. Wikidata Q99846861.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (1885). "XLV.—Trachelius ovum". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 16 (96): 477–478. doi:10.1080/00222938509459914. ISSN 0374-5481. Wikidata Q99846875.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (January 1886). "An endoparasite of Noteus". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 17 (97): 85–86. doi:10.1080/00222938609460116. ISSN 0374-5481. Wikidata Q56118009.
- Sara Gwendolen Foulke (1897). "The Living Substance as such: and as Organism". Journal of Morphology. 12 (2): 1–176. ISSN 0362-2525. Wikidata Q116070122.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wilson, H. V. (26 February 1937). "Sara Gwendolen Andrews". Science. 85 (2200): 213. doi:10.1126/science.85.2200.213.a. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ a b c d e Mary R. S. Creese (2000). Ladies in the Laboratory? American and British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research. Scarecrow Press. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-585276-84-7. OL 656059M. Wikidata Q99481460.
- ^ Gill, Theodore (1884). "Zoology". Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. 1884: 590–592 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ Potts, Edward.; Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Vejdovský, Frantisek, 1849-1939 (1887), Fresh water sponges; a monograph, Illustrator: Sara Gwendolen Foulke, Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.12143, OCLC 3734026, OL 23300581M, Wikidata Q51397896
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b F. A. D. (February 1898). "The Living Substance as such, and as Organism". Nature. 57 (1477): 362–363. Bibcode:1898Natur..57..362F. doi:10.1038/057362a0. hdl:2027/hvd.hc4wns. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 36953109.
- ^ "A Living Substance as Such, and as Organism". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. XXX (7): 390. 12 February 1898. doi:10.1001/jama.1898.02440590050022. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ^ "The poems of Richard De Veaux". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 14 (2): 270–271. June 1939 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Sara Gwendolen Foulke". www.familysearch.org. 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 19th-century American zoologists
- American marine biologists
- 1863 births
- 1936 deaths
- American women poets
- Scientists from Pennsylvania
- 19th-century American women scientists
- American women marine biologists
- American women zoologists
- 19th-century American poets
- 20th-century American poets
- 20th-century American women writers
- People from Chester County, Pennsylvania
- Poets from Pennsylvania
- 19th-century American women writers
- University of Pennsylvania alumni
- Bryn Mawr College alumni
- Biologists from Pennsylvania