Per mille
| ‰ | |
|---|---|
Per mille | |
| In Unicode | U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN (‰) |
| Related | |
| See also | U+0025 % PERCENT SIGN U+2031 ‱ PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN (Basis point) |
Per mille (from Latin per mīlle, "in each thousand")[1] is an expression that means parts per thousand.[2] Other recognised spellings include per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1] permill,[1] or permille.[4][5]
The associated sign is written ‰, which looks like a percent sign % with an extra zero or o in the divisor.
The term occurs so rarely in English[citation needed] that major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling[1][2][3] and some major dictionaries such as Macmillan[6] do not even contain an entry. The term is more common in other European languages where it is used to express fractions smaller than 1%. One common usage is blood alcohol content, which is usually expressed as a percentage in English-speaking countries.
Per mille should not be confused with parts per million (ppm).
Computer systems[edit]
The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN.[4] It may be typed using Alt+0137, Compose%o, Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u 2030, or ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+r according to operating system.
Note that for the compose key sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.[7]
Examples[edit]
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Examples of use include:
- Legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.
- Seawater salinity: for example: "the average salinity is 35‰".
- Tunnel and railway gradients (in some countries in Europe).
- Birth and death rates.
- Baseball batting averages (colloquially).
- Property taxation rates: the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada).
- Expressing stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰".
- Fineness of precious metals.
- Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.
Related units[edit]
- Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100
- Percentage (%) 1 part in 100
- Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000
- Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000
- Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000
See also[edit]
- Parts-per notation
- Per-unit system
- Percent point function
- Fineness of precious metals (given as "0.000-fine")
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2005.
per mil, adv
- ^ a b c "per mille". Business English. Cambridge Dictionary Online. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
per mille adverb (also per mil)
- ^ a b "per mill". Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved 1 Aug 2014.
- ^ a b Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
- ^ "per mille". Longman Business Dictionary. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
- ^ "Macmillan Dictionary". Retrieved 1 Aug 2014.
No result
- ^ Monniaux, David. "UTF-8 (Unicode) compose sequence". Retrieved 2015-07-15.
External links[edit]
Media related to Per mille at Wikimedia Commons
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