Outline of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a landlocked sovereign country located in the Horn of Africa.^[1] Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Sudan to the west, South Sudan to the south-west, Kenya to the south, Somalia to the east and Djibouti to the north-east. Ethiopia is one of the oldest countries in the world^[2] and Africa's second-most populous nation.^[3] Ethiopia has yielded some of humanity's oldest traces,^[4] making the area important in the history of human evolution. Recent studies claim that the vicinity of present-day Addis Ababa was the point from which human beings migrated around the world.^[5]^[6]^[7] Ethiopian dynastic history traditionally began with the reign of Emperor Menelik I in 1000 BC.^[8]^[9] The roots of the Ethiopian state are similarly deep, dating with unbroken continuity to at least the Aksumite Empire (which adopted the name "Ethiopia" in the 4th century) and its predecessor state, D`mt (with early 1st millennium BC roots).^[10]^[11] After a period of decentralized power in the 18th and early 19th centuries known as the Zemene Mesafint ("Era of the Judges/Princes"), the country was reunited in 1855 by Kassa Hailu, who became Emperor Tewodros II, beginning Ethiopia's modern history.^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15] Ethiopia's borders underwent significant territorial expansion to its modern borders for the rest of the century,^[16]^[17]^[18] especially by Emperor Menelik II and Ras Gobena, culminating in its victory over the Italians at the Battle of Adwa in 1896 with the military leadership of Ras Makonnen, and ensuring its sovereignty and freedom from colonization.^[17]^[18] It was occupied by Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy from 1936 to 1941,^[19] ending with its liberation by British Empire and Ethiopian Patriot forces. Its eastern border also changed in 1950 from the former 1908 Convention Line to the subsequent provisional administrative line.^[20]

General reference[edit]

Pronunciation: /iːθiˈoʊpiə/
Common English country name: Ethiopia
Official English country name: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Common endonym(s):
Official endonym(s):
Adjectival(s): Ethiopian
Demonym(s):
Etymology: Name of Ethiopia
International rankings of Ethiopia
ISO country codes: ET, ETH, 231
ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:ET
Internet country code top-level domain: .et

Geography of Ethiopia[edit]

Geography of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is: a landlocked country
Location:
- Eastern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere
- Africa
  - North Africa
  - East Africa
    - Horn of Africa
- Time zone: East Africa Time (UTC+03)
- Extreme points of Ethiopia
  - High: Ras Dejen 4,550 m (14,928 ft)
  - Low: Denakil Depression −125 m (−410 ft)
- Land boundaries: 5,328 km

Sudan 723 km

South Sudan 883 km

Somalia 1,600 km

Eritrea 912 km

Kenya 861 km

Djibouti 349 km

Coastline: none

Population of Ethiopia: 79,221,000 (July 2008) - 15th most populous country
Area of Ethiopia: 1,104,300 km²
Atlas of Ethiopia

Government and politics of Ethiopia[edit]

Form of government: federal parliamentary republic
Capital of Ethiopia: Addis Ababa
Elections in Ethiopia
Political parties in Ethiopia

Branches of the government of Ethiopia[edit]

Government of Ethiopia

Executive branch of the government of Ethiopia[edit]

Head of state - President of Ethiopia, Mulatu Teshome
Head of government - Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Hailemariam Desalegn
Council of Ministers
- Prime Minister of Ethiopia - Hailemariam Desalegn
- Deputy Prime Ministers of Ethiopia - Debretsion Gebremichael, Demeke Mekonnen, Muktar Kedir

Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Tewodros Adhanom
Ministry of Defense - Siraj Fegesa
Ministry of Federal Affairs - Shiferaw Teklemariam
Ministry of Justice - Berhan Hailu
Ministry of Civil Service - Muktar Kedir
Ministry of Finance and Economic Development - Sufian Ahmed
Ministry of Agriculture - Tefera Deribew
Ministry of Industry - Mekonnen Manyazewal
Ministry of Trade and Industry - Kebede Chane
Ministry of Science and Technology - Desse Dalke
Ministry of Transport - Diriba Kuma
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology - Debretsion Gebremichael
Ministry of Urban Development and Construction - Mekuria Haile
Ministry of Water and Energy - Alemayehu Tegenu
Ministry of Mines - Sinkinesh Ejigu
Ministry of Education - Demeke Mekonnen
Ministry of Health - Keseteberhan Admasu
Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs - Abdulfetah Abdulahi Hassen
Ministry of Culture and Tourism - Amin Abdulkadir
Ministry of Women, Youth and Children’s Affairs - Zenebu Tadesse

Legislative branch of the government of Ethiopia[edit]

Federal Parliamentary Assembly (bicameral)
- Upper house: House of Federation
- Lower house: House of People's Representatives

Judicial branch of the government of Ethiopia[edit]

Court system of Ethiopia

Foreign relations of Ethiopia[edit]

Foreign relations of Ethiopia

International organization membership[edit]

The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is a member of:^[1]

African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP)
African Development Bank Group (AfDB)
African Union (AU)
African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID)
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
Group of 24 (G24)
Group of 77 (G77)
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
International Development Association (IDA)
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
International Finance Corporation (IFC)
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
International Organization for Migration (IOM) (observer)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO)
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
United Nations (UN)
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
United Nations Operation in Cote d'Ivoire (UNOCI)
Universal Postal Union (UPU)
World Customs Organization (WCO)
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
World Health Organization (WHO)
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
World Trade Organization (WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Ethiopia[edit]

Law of Ethiopia

Military of Ethiopia[edit]

Military of Ethiopia

Command
- Commander-in-chief:
  - Ministry of Defence of Ethiopia
Forces
Military history of Ethiopia

Local government in Ethiopia[edit]

Local government in Ethiopia

History of Ethiopia[edit]

History of Ethiopia

Culture of Ethiopia[edit]

Culture of Ethiopia

Art in Ethiopia[edit]

Sports in Ethiopia[edit]

Sports in Ethiopia

Economy and infrastructure of Ethiopia[edit]

Economy of Ethiopia

Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 98th (ninety-eighth)
Agriculture in Ethiopia
Banking in Ethiopia
- National Bank of Ethiopia
Communications in Ethiopia
- Internet in Ethiopia
Land reform in Ethiopia
Companies of Ethiopia
Currency of Ethiopia: Birr
- ISO 4217: ETB
Energy in Ethiopia
Health care in Ethiopia
Mining in Ethiopia
Ethiopia Stock Exchange
- Addis Ababa Stock Exchange
Tourism in Ethiopia
Trade unions in Ethiopia
Transport in Ethiopia
- Airports in Ethiopia
- Rail transport in Ethiopia
Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia

Education in Ethiopia[edit]

Education in Ethiopia

Health in Ethiopia[edit]

Health in Ethiopia

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b "Ethiopia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2009 [October 23, 1998]. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
^ "Ethiopia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
^ Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous country
^ Hopkin, Michael (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
^ Li, J. Z.; Absher, DM; Tang, H; Southwick, AM; Casto, AM; Ramachandran, S; Cann, HM; Barsh, GS; et al. (February 2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–1104. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. PMID 18292342. S2CID 53541133.
^ Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says
^ Around the world from Addis Ababa Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine
^ Speaking after his signing the disputed treaty between Ethiopia and Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position: "We cannot permit our integrity as a Christian and civilised nation to be questioned, nor the right to govern our empire in absolute independence. The Emperor of Ethiopia is a descendant of a dynasty that is 3,000 years old — a dynasty that during all that time has never submitted to an outsider. Ethiopia has never been conquered and she never shall be..." Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation - p. xxv by Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford
^ Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years - p. 319 by John Spencer
^ Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991, pp.57.
^ Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, 2005.
^ Christopher S. Clapham, Haile-Selassie's Government, 1969, p.12.
^ Teshale Tibebu The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974, p. xii.
^ S. Rubenson, "Modern Ethiopia" in Joseph C. Anene, Godfrey N. Brown, eds. Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Handbook for Teachers, p. 216.
^ Mordechai Abir, Ethiopia: The ERA of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and Re-unification, p. 183, "The coronation of Teodros is considered by most historians of Ethiopia to be the end of the era of the princes and the beginning of modern Ethiopia."
^ Marcus, A History of Ethiopia ISBN 0520224795 (page no?)
^ ^a ^b B. Holcomb & S. Ibssa, The Invention of Ethiopia (Trenton, 1990) (page no?)
^ ^a ^b Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict ISBN 1569022461 (page no?)
^ It was decided at the official Paris Conference, that, for Ethiopia, WWII began on 3 October 1935. Other dates aside from 1 September 1939 are used for other countries such as China and Japan, as well. Richard Pankhurst, "Italian Fascist War Crimes in Ethiopia: A History of Their Discussion, from the League of Nations to the United Nations (1936-1949)" in Northeast African Studies 6.1-2 (1999). p. 116.
^ Irving Kaplan, Area Handbook for Somalia - Volume 550 (1977), p. 22.
^ The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Atlas of Ethiopia

Overview

Rural poverty in Ethiopia (IFAD)

Education

Health

List of Hospitals in Ethiopia

Tourism

Photos

Ethiopian photogallery

Government

Independent Ethiopian Web sites

[CIA_World_Factbook-1] "Ethiopia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2009 [October 23, 1998]. Retrieved July 23, 2009.

[2] "Ethiopia". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-02-02.

[3] Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous country

[4] Hopkin, Michael (16 February 2005). "Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens". Nature. doi:10.1038/news050214-10. Retrieved 2008-02-02.

[5] Li, J. Z.; Absher, DM; Tang, H; Southwick, AM; Casto, AM; Ramachandran, S; Cann, HM; Barsh, GS; et al. (February 2008). "Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation". Science. 319 (5866): 1100–1104. Bibcode:2008Sci...319.1100L. doi:10.1126/science.1153717. PMID 18292342. S2CID 53541133.

[6] Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says

[7] Around the world from Addis Ababa Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine

[8] Speaking after his signing the disputed treaty between Ethiopia and Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position: "We cannot permit our integrity as a Christian and civilised nation to be questioned, nor the right to govern our empire in absolute independence. The Emperor of Ethiopia is a descendant of a dynasty that is 3,000 years old — a dynasty that during all that time has never submitted to an outsider. Ethiopia has never been conquered and she never shall be..." Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation - p. xxv by Joseph Ephraim Casely Hayford

[9] Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Selassie Years - p. 319 by John Spencer

[10] Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991, pp.57.

[11] Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, 2005.

[12] Christopher S. Clapham, Haile-Selassie's Government, 1969, p.12.

[13] Teshale Tibebu The Making of Modern Ethiopia: 1896-1974, p. xii.

[14] S. Rubenson, "Modern Ethiopia" in Joseph C. Anene, Godfrey N. Brown, eds. Africa in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: A Handbook for Teachers, p. 216.

[15] Mordechai Abir, Ethiopia: The ERA of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and Re-unification, p. 183, "The coronation of Teodros is considered by most historians of Ethiopia to be the end of the era of the princes and the beginning of modern Ethiopia."

[16] Marcus, A History of Ethiopia ISBN 0520224795 (page no?)

[B._Holcomb_1990-17] B. Holcomb & S. Ibssa, The Invention of Ethiopia (Trenton, 1990) (page no?)

[amazon.com-18] Jalata, Oromia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict ISBN 1569022461 (page no?)

[19] It was decided at the official Paris Conference, that, for Ethiopia, WWII began on 3 October 1935. Other dates aside from 1 September 1939 are used for other countries such as China and Japan, as well. Richard Pankhurst, "Italian Fascist War Crimes in Ethiopia: A History of Their Discussion, from the League of Nations to the United Nations (1936-1949)" in Northeast African Studies 6.1-2 (1999). p. 116.

[20] Irving Kaplan, Area Handbook for Somalia - Volume 550 (1977), p. 22.

[21] The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.

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