Orii Hyōjirō

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In this Japanese name, the surname is Orii.

Orii Hyōjirō
折居彪二郎
Orii Hyōjirō in 1913
Born15 July 1883[1]
Niigata Prefecture, Japan[2]
Died27 April 1970[1] (aged 86)
Other names"Orii of the Orient"[3]
Occupation(s)Hunting and taxidermy[1]
Known forCollection of type specimens[1]

Orii Hyōjirō (折居 彪二郎) (15 July 1883 – 27 April 1970) was a Japanese specimen collector of birds and mammals. At least a hundred new species and subspecies were described based on the type specimens he collected,[4]: 239  a 2014 review putting the total, among taxa currently recognized, at 14 species and 41 subspecies of mammal, and 6 species and 68 subspecies of bird.[3] The 7 mammal and 10 bird taxa[2][4] named in honour of "Orii of the Orient" (Japanese: 東洋のオリイ), as he came to be known,[1][5] include the Ryūkyū shrew (Crocidura orii) and now-extinct Daitō varied tit (Sittiparus varius orii).

Biography[edit]

Born in Niigata Prefecture in 1883, Orii moved to Hakodate in 1899; in 1913 he would move again, from Hakodate to a house on the banks of the Bibi River where it meets Lake Utonai (now a Ramsar site), in what was then the village of Tomakomai.[2][4]: 239  His career as a specimen collector took off in 1906, when he provided his services first to Malcolm Playfair Anderson, then to Alan Owston.[2] In 1906/7, Orii collected for Owston on the Korean Peninula and in Shandong Province, China; this arrangement continued in 1910, when Orii collected specimens in Yunnan Province.[2] In the years between, he travelled and collected in the Kuril Islands, northern China and Manchuria, and Sakhalin.[2] In 1921, he collected for Kuroda Nagamichi in the Ryūkyūs.[2] Between 1925 and 1935, collecting for Yamashina Yoshimaro, his travels took him again to Sakhalin, to the northern Kurils, Korea, the Pacific Islands (including Palau, Pohnpei, and the Marshall Islands),[3][4]: 239  Taiwan, and Manchuria, where he would also collect once again for Kuroda.[2] In 1936, he collected in the southern Ryūkyūs, and in 1944, around Akkeshi and Nemuro in eastern Hokkaidō.[2] The specimens he collected in these years number in the tens of thousands, including some 8,845 items from 556 species in the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology;[3] other specimens are in the Natural History Museum in London, Hokkaido University Faculty of Agriculture Museum, and Tomakomai City Museum.[5][6] In total, as many as 14 species and 41 subspecies of mammal, and 6 species and 68 subspecies of bird were described from type specimens he provided.[3] Later in life he turned his hand to recording sightings of birds, participating in surveys for the Forestry Agency at Lake Utonai and other lakes and marshes in the vicinity of his home.[4]: 239 

Diaries[edit]

Orii left a large number of collection diaries — an important resource for ornithologists and mammalogists — which also include lively accounts of his expeditions, such as when, having spotted a rare bird on a list of specimens obtained by the Whitney South Sea Expedition ship at the village office on Pohnpei, he promptly collected and shipped a specimen back to Tokyo, where Takatsukasa Nobusuke and Yamashina Yoshimaro published the long-billed white-eye (Rukia longirostra; protonym: Cynnirorhyncha longirostra) as a new genus and species a few weeks before Ernst Mayr published the same bird as Rhamphozosterops sanfordi.[3][7][8]: 34  The collection diaries are compiled in a somewhat idiosyncratic fashion, interspersed with English and Chinese, and with names sometimes in hiragana, sometimes katakana; in 2013, they were published in a modern Japanese translation.[3]

Death[edit]

Orii died in 1970, at the age of 87 by traditional East Asian age reckoning.[5]

Taxa named after Orii[edit]

The seven mammal[2] and ten bird[2] taxa named in honour of Orii Hyōjirō include:[9][10]

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orii Hyōjirō.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e 鳥獣採集家 折居彪二郎採集日誌 [Collection Diaries of Bird and Beast Collector Orii Hyōjirō] (in Japanese). Wild Bird Society of Japan. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 折居彪二郎氏採集略年表 [Orii Hyōjirō: Collection Timeline] (PDF) (in Japanese). Hokkaido University. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Kusakari, H. 草刈秀紀 (2014). 書評「鳥獣採集家折居彪二郎 採集日誌~鳥学・哺乳類学を支えた男~」 [Book Reviews "Collection Diaries of Bird and Beast Collector Orii Hyōjirō: the man who supported ornithology and mammalogy"]. Honyūrui Kagaku (in Japanese). 54 (2). Mammal Society of Japan: 303–304. doi:10.11238/mammalianscience.54.299.
  4. ^ a b c d e Ōhata Kōji 大畑孝二 (1990). 折居彪二郎によるウトナイ湖の鳥類ほか観察記録 [Orii Hyōjirō's Records of Sightings of Birds &c. on Lake Utonai] (PDF). Strix (in Japanese). 9. Wild Bird Society of Japan: 239–254.
  5. ^ a b c 折居彪二郎ってどんなひと？ [What kind of a man was Orii Hyōjirō] (in Japanese). Tomakomai City Library. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
  6. ^ Katō Masaru 加藤克; Ichikawa Hideo 市川秀雄 (2001). 折居彪二郎採集標本の歴史的検討 [Historical Examination of Specimens Collected by Orii Hyōjirō]. Bulletin of the Museum Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University (in Japanese). 1. Hokkaido University: 1–18. hdl:2115/32803.
  7. ^ Takatsukasa Nobusuke; Yamashina Yoshimaro (1931). カロリン群島産の二新鳥 [On Two New Birds from the Caroline Islands]. Dobutsugaku Zasshi. 43 (516): 599–600.
  8. ^ Lecroy, M. (2011). "Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 9. Passeriformes: Zosteropidae and Meliphagidae". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 348 (348): 1–193. doi:10.1206/724.1. hdl:2246/6441. S2CID 85576340.
  9. ^ Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. (2009). The Eponym Dictionary of Mammals. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-8018-9304-9.
  10. ^ Beolens, B.; Watkins, M.; Grayson, M. (2014). The Eponym Dictionary of Birds. Bloomsbury. p. 417. ISBN 978-1-4729-0573-4.
  11. ^ a b Kuroda, N. (1924). On new mammals from the Riu Kiu Islands and the vicinity. Tokyo. pp. 1–14.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ Kuroda, N. (1928). "The mammal fauna of Sakhalin". Journal of Mammalogy. 9 (3): 222–229. doi:10.2307/1373270. JSTOR 1373270.
  13. ^ Kuroda, N. (1921). "On three new mammals from Japan". Journal of Mammalogy. 2 (4): 208–211. doi:10.2307/1373554. JSTOR 1373554.
  14. ^ Takatsukasa, N.; Yamashina, Y. (1931). パラオ及びマリアナ群島に産する數種の新しき鳥 [Several new species of birds from Palau and the Mariana Islands]. Dōbutsugaku Zasshi (in Japanese). 43 (512): 458–459.
  15. ^ Kuroda, N. (1923). "Descriptions of new subspecies from Japan". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 43: 86–91.
  16. ^ Kuroda, N. (1923). "Descriptions of new species from Japan". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 43: 105–109.
  17. ^ Kuroda, N. (1923). "Descriptions of apparently new forms of birds from the Borodino Islands, Riu Kiu group, Japan". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 43: 120–123.
  18. ^ Yamashina, Y. (1932). 台湾産鳥類の2新亜種 [Two new subspecies of bird from Taiwan]. Tori (in English and Japanese). 7 (35): 414–415. doi:10.3838/jjo.7.35_414.
  19. ^ Takatsukasa, N.; Yamashina, Y. (1931). パラオ及びマリアナ群島に産する數種の新しき鳥 [Several new species of birds from Palau and the Mariana Islands]. Dōbutsugaku Zasshi (in Japanese). 43 (513): 484–487.
  20. ^ Yamashina, Y. (1929). 再び千島列島産鳥類に就いて [On the Birds of Kurile Islands (II)]. Tori (in English and Japanese). 6 (28): 145–160. doi:10.3838/jjo1915.6.28_145.
  21. ^ Kuroda, N. (1923). "Descriptions of new species from Japan". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 43: 105–109.
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