List of Kīlauea eruptions
This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Kīlauea, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands that is currently erupting. These eruptions have taken place from pit craters and the main caldera, as well as parasitic cones and fissures along the East and Southwest rift zones. They are generally fluid (VEI-0) Hawaiian eruptions, but more violent eruptions have occurred throughout Kīlauea's eruptive history, with the largest recorded explosive eruption having taken place in 1790.[1]
Eruptions during the Common Era[edit]
Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]
| VEI | Date | Evidence | Activity area or unit | Eruption name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | September 29, 2021 – June 19, 2023 | Historical observations | Halema'uma'u | |
| 0 | December 20, 2020 – May 23, 2021 | Historical observations | Halema'uma'u | |
| 3 | January 3, 1983 – September 5, 2018 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Puʻu ʻŌʻō), Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | September 25–26, 1982 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera (south-southeast of Halemaʻumaʻu) | |
| 0 | April 30 – May 1, 1982 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera (northeast of Halemaʻumaʻu) | |
| 0 | March 11, 1980 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (near Mauna Ulu) | |
| 0 | November 16–17, 1979 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Pauahi Crater) | |
| 0 | September 13 – October 1, 1977 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (near Kalalua Crater) | |
| 0 | November 29, 1975 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera, Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | December 31, 1974 | Historical observations | Southwest Rift Zone, 1,095 m (3,593 ft) | |
| 0 | September 19, 1974 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera (Halemaʻumaʻu and to the southwest) | |
| 0 | July 19–22, 1974 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera, Keanakākoʻi Crater | |
| 0 | November 10 – December 9, 1973 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Pauahi Crater) | |
| 0 | May 5, 1973 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Pauahi and Hiʻiaka craters) | |
| 0 | September 24–29, 1971 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu and upper Southwest Rift Zone | |
| 0 | August 14, 1971 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | May 24, 1969 – July 22, 1974 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Mauna Ulu), 960 m (3,150 ft) | |
| 0 | February 22–28, 1969 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 885 to 945 m (2,904 to 3,100 ft) | |
| 0 | October 7–22, 1968 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 730 to 915 m (2,395 to 3,002 ft) | |
| 0 | August 22–26, 1968 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 580 to 885 m (1,903 to 2,904 ft) | |
| 0 | November 5, 1967 – July 13, 1968 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | December 24–25, 1965 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 915 to 960 m (3,002 to 3,150 ft) | |
| 0 | March 5–15, 1965 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 700 to 915 m (2,297 to 3,002 ft) | |
| 0 | October 5–6, 1963 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 700 to 840 m (2,300 to 2,760 ft) | |
| 0 | August 21–23, 1963 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 825 to 960 m (2,707 to 3,150 ft) | |
| 0 | December 7–9, 1962 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 945 to 990 m (3,100 to 3,248 ft) | |
| 1 | September 22–24, 1961 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 395 to 790 m (1,296 to 2,592 ft) | |
| 1 | July 10–17, 1961 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 1 | March 3–25, 1961 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 1 | February 24, 1961 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 2 | January 13 – February 19, 1960 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (near Kapoho Crater), 30 m (98 ft) | |
| 2 | November 14 – December 19, 1959 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Iki | |
| 0 | February 28 – May 26, 1955 | Historical observations | Lower East Rift Zone, 50 to 400 m (160 to 1,310 ft) | |
| 0 | May 31 – June 3, 1954 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu and Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | June 27 – November 10, 1952 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | September 6 – October 8, 1934 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | December 23, 1931 – January 5, 1932 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | November 19 – December 7, 1930 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | July 25–28, 1929 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | February 20–21, 1929 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | July 7–20, 1927 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | July 19–29, 1924 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 2 | May 10–27, 1924 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | August 25, 1923 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 915 m (3,002 ft) | |
| 0 | May 28–30, 1922 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Makaopuhi and Nāpau craters) | |
| 0 | March 18–25, 1921 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | December 21, 1919 – July 30, 1920 | Historical observations | Southwest Rift Zone (Mauna Iki), 915 m (3,002 ft) | |
| 0 | February 7 – November 28, 1919 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | February 23 – March 9, 1918 | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | December 2, 1906 – February 1924 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | February 22, 1905 – April 1906 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | November 25, 1903 – January 10, 1904 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | June 3, 1902 – March 1903 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | February 1902 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | June 24–27, 1897 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | July 11 – September 1896 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | January 3–28, 1896 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | January 22, 1884 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone | |
| 1 | April 2, 1868 (?) | Historical observations | Southwest Rift Zone, 775 m (2,543 ft) | |
| 0 | May 30 – June 25, 1840 | Historical observations | East Rift Zone, 230 to 950 m (750 to 3,120 ft) | |
| 0 | January 14, 1832 | Historical observations | East rim of Kīlauea Caldera (Byron's Ledge) | |
| 0 | August 1823 (in or before) – December 6, 1894 | Historical observations | Halemaʻumaʻu | |
| 0 | February – July 1823 | Historical observations | Southwest Rift Zone (Great Crack), 75 to 580 m (246 to 1,903 ft) | |
| 2 | 1820 (?) | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 4 | November 1790 (?) | Historical observations | Kīlauea Caldera | Keanakakoi eruption |
| 0 | 1790 (?) | Historical observations | Lower East Rift Zone, 230 to 375 m (755 to 1,230 ft) | |
| 0 | 1750 (?) | Historical observations | East Rift Zone (Heiheiahulu), 520 m (1,710 ft) | |
| 0 | 1700 ± 25 years | Magnetism | Upper East Rift Zone (Kokoolau) | |
| 0 | 1650 ± 50 years | Tephrochronology | Kīlauea summit (Observatory vent) | |
| 1 | 1610 ± 50 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Lower East Rift Zone (Puʻu Honuaʻula) | |
| 0 | 1510 ± 50 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Lower East Rift Zone (near Kehena) | |
| 1 | 1500 (?) | Radiocarbon (corrected) | ||
| 1 | 1490 ± 16 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kīlauea Caldera | |
| 0 | 1460 ± 50 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Lower East Rift Zone (near Puʻu Kaliʻu) | |
| 0 | 1410 (?) – 1470 (?) | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kīlauea summit (ʻAilāʻau shield) | ʻAilāʻau eruption |
| 0 | 1340 ± 40 years | Anthropology | Upper East Rift Zone (Kāne Nui o Hamo) | |
| 0 | 1140 ± 75 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Old Kalue flows | |
| 1 | 1050 ± 75 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Lower East Rift Zone (northeast of ʻĪʻīlewa Crater) | |
| ? | 900 AD ± 50 years | Tephrochronology | Upper Kulanaokuaiki tephra | |
| 0 | 850 AD ± 150 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kipuka Hornet flows | |
| 1 | 680 AD ± 75 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | East (near Kaipu) and Southwest rift zones | |
| ? | 540 AD ± 200 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kulanaokuaiki 2 tephra | |
| 0 | 450 AD (in or before) | Magnetism | Lower East Rift Zone | |
| ? | 420 AD ± 20 years | Tephrochronology | Kulanaokuaiki 1 tephra | |
| 0 | 150 AD ± 300 years | Magnetism | Kīlauea summit (Powers Caldera) |
Eruptions Before the Common Era[edit]
Data obtained from the Global Volcanism Program website.[1]
| VEI | Date | Evidence | Activity area or unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| ? | 50 BCE ± 150 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Pre-Kulanaokuaiki tephra |
| 0 | 200 BCE ± 150 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kīlauea summit, East and Southwest rift zones |
| 0 | 270 BCE ± 75 years | Radiocarbon (corrected) | Kipuka Nene flows |
| 0 | 410 BCE ± 100 years | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | East Rift Zone |
| 0 | 800 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (corrected) | |
| 0 | 1550 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 1650 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 2080 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (corrected) | |
| ? | 2200 BCE ± 500 years | Tephrochronology | |
| 0 | 2850 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Southwest Rift Zone |
| 0 | 3300 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (corrected) | |
| 0 | 4650 BCE (?) | Radiocarbon (uncorrected) | Southwest Rift Zone |
References[edit]
- ^ a b c "Kilauea". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
