Languages of Vojvodina
Languages and dialects spoken in the Serbian province of Vojvodina include South Slavic languages (Serbian, Croatian, Bunjevac dialect,[a] Macedonian), West Slavic languages (Slovak), East Slavic languages (Rusyn), Hungarian, Romanian, Romani, and others.
Historical overview[edit]
It is unknown which languages were spoken in the territory of present-day Vojvodina in paleolithic and neolithic times. First speakers of Indo-European languages arrived here in 4200 BC and since the first written traces about this region appeared, there are records about speakers of various Indo-European languages that lived in this area, including speakers of Thracian, Illyrian, Celtic, Iranian and Italic branches of Indo-European language family. The decline and fall of the Roman Empire brought to this area speakers of Turkic and Germanic languages as well. Speakers of South Slavic languages settled in the area in the 6th century, while speakers of Hungarian appeared in the 9th century. Ottoman conquest of the region in the 16th century brought to this area speakers of Turkish, Romani, and other languages, while Habsburg conquest in the end of the 17th and first half of the 18th century brought here the speakers of German, Slovak, Rusyn, Czech, Ukrainian and other languages. In recent years, there is an increasing number of speakers of Chinese language as well.
2011 census[edit]
According to the 2011 census, main languages spoken in Vojvodina were:
- Serbian: 1,485,791 (76.91%)
- Hungarian: 241,164 (12.48%)
- Slovak: 47,760 (2.47%)
- Romani: 27,430 (1.42%)
- Romanian: 24,133 (1.25%)
- Croatian: 14,576 (0.75%)
- Rusyn: 11,154 (0.58%)
Usage of minority languages[edit]
Besides Serbian, which is the official language in the whole country, there are five regional languages in the official use by the provincial administration in Vojvodina: Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak, Rusyn, and Croatian. The Serbian language is used in all municipality governments, while minority languages are used in selected municipality governments. The Serbian language with Cyrillic script is in official use in all 45 municipalities of Vojvodina. The Hungarian language is in official use in 29 municipalities, Slovak in 12, Romanian in 9, Rusyn in 6, and Croatian and Czech in 1 municipality each (however, the Czech language is not official at provincial level).
Radio Television of Vojvodina, the public broadcaster in the province, broadcasts programme in 10 languages: Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Rusyn, Romanian, Bunjevac dialect, Ukrainian, Romani, Croatian, and Macedonian. Certain TV shows are also translated into Sign language.
Maps[edit]
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Language map of Vojvodina - settlements data (1910 census) -
Language map of Vojvodina - municipality data (1910 census) -
Language map of Vojvodina (1921 census) -
Language map of Vojvodina (1931 census) -
Language map of Vojvodina (2002 census) -
Official usage of Serbian language and its scripts in Vojvodina -
Official usage of Hungarian language in Vojvodina -
Official usage of Slovak language in Vojvodina -
Official usage of Romanian language in Vojvodina -
Official usage of Rusyn, Croatian, and Czech language in Vojvodina
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Bunjevac is a sub-dialect of Shtokavian, the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language, which Croatian and Serbian are also standardized varieties of. Although officially recognized as separate languages, they are fully mutually intelligible and linguistically constitute a single language.