Inscriptional Parthian
| Inscriptional Parthian | |
|---|---|
 Parthian version of Shapur I's inscription at Ka'ba-ye Zartosht | |
| Script type | |
Time period | 250 BC |
| Direction | right-to-left script  |
| Languages | Parthian language |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Aramaic alphabet
|
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Prti (130), Inscriptional Parthian |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Inscriptional Parthian |
| U+10B40–U+10B5F | |
Inscriptional Parthian is a script used to write Parthian language on coins of Parthia from the time of Arsaces I of Parthia (250 BC). It was also used for inscriptions of Parthian (mostly on clay fragments) and later Sassanian periods (mostly on official inscriptions).
Inscriptional Parthian script is written from right to left and the letters are not joined.
Letters[edit]
Inscriptional Parthian uses 22 letters:[1]
| Name[A] | Image | Text | IPA[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aleph | 
|
𐭀 | /a/, /aː/ |
| Beth | 
|
𐭁 | /b/, /v/ |
| Gimel | 
|
𐭂 | /g/, /j/ |
| Daleth | 
|
𐭃 | /d/, /j/ |
| He | 
|
𐭄 | /h/ |
| Waw | 
|
𐭅 | /v/, /r/ |
| Zayin | 
|
𐭆 | /z/ |
| Heth | 
|
𐭇 | /h/, /x/ |
| Teth | 
|
𐭈 | /t/ |
| Yodh | 
|
𐭉 | /j/, /ĕː/, /ĭː/ |
| Kaph | 
|
𐭊 | /k/ |
| Lamedh | 
|
𐭋 | /l/ |
| Mem | 
|
𐭌 | /m/ |
| Nun | 
|
𐭍 | /n/ |
| Samekh | 
|
𐭎 | /s/ |
| Ayin | 
|
𐭏 | /ʔ/ |
| Pe | 
|
𐭐 | /p/, /b/ |
| Sadhe | 
|
𐭑 | /s/ |
| Qoph | 
|
𐭒 | /q/ |
| Resh | 
|
𐭓 | /r/ |
| Shin | 
|
𐭔 | /ʃ/, /ʒ/ |
| Taw | 
|
𐭕 | /t/, /d/ |
Ligatures[edit]
Inscriptional Parthian uses seven standard ligatures:[1]
| Ligature | Sequence | |
|---|---|---|
| Image | Text | |
 |
𐭂𐭅 | 𐭂 (gimel) + 𐭅 (waw) |
 |
𐭇𐭅 | 𐭇 (heth) + 𐭅 (waw) |
 |
𐭉𐭅 | 𐭉 (yodh) + 𐭅 (waw) |
 |
𐭍𐭅 | 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭅 (waw) |
 |
𐭏𐭋 | 𐭏 (ayin) + 𐭋 (lamedh) |
 |
𐭓𐭅 | 𐭓 (resh) + 𐭅 (waw) |
 |
𐭕𐭅 | 𐭕 (taw) + 𐭅 (waw) |
The letters sadhe (𐭑) and nun (𐭍) have swash tails which typically trail under the following letter.[1] For example:
| Ligature | Sequence | |
|---|---|---|
| Image | Text | |
 |
𐭍𐭍 | 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭍 (nun) |
 |
𐭍𐭃 | 𐭍 (nun) + 𐭃 (daleth) |
Numbers[edit]
Inscriptional Parthian had its own numerals:
| Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 | 1000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sign | Image |  |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
| Text | 𐭘 | 𐭙 | 𐭚 | 𐭛 | 𐭜 | 𐭝 | 𐭞 | 𐭟 | |
Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 158 is written as 𐭞𐭝𐭝𐭜𐭛𐭛 (100 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 4 + 4).[1]
Unicode[edit]
Inscriptional Parthian script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
The Unicode block for Inscriptional Parthian is U+10B40–U+10B5F:
| Inscriptional Parthian[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+10B4x | 𐭀 | 𐭁 | 𐭂 | 𐭃 | 𐭄 | 𐭅 | 𐭆 | 𐭇 | 𐭈 | 𐭉 | 𐭊 | 𐭋 | 𐭌 | 𐭍 | 𐭎 | 𐭏 |
| U+10B5x | 𐭐 | 𐭑 | 𐭒 | 𐭓 | 𐭔 | 𐭕 | 𐭘 | 𐭙 | 𐭚 | 𐭛 | 𐭜 | 𐭝 | 𐭞 | 𐭟 | ||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2007-08-24). "L2/07-207R: Proposal for encoding the Inscriptional Parthian, Inscriptional Pahlavi, and Psalter Pahlavi scripts in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF).
- ^ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.