Hazarewal

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This article is about the Shina and Hindko speakers of the Hazara region in Pakistan. For the Persian-speaking Hazaras of Afghanistan, see Hazara people.

Hazarewals or Hazarawals (Urdu: ہزارہ وال) also known as Hazara (ہزارہ) is term used for the multi-ethnic predominantly Hindko and Shina speaking community belonging to the Hazara region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[1][2]

Language[edit]

Hindko speaking Hazarewals include the Jadoons, Karlals, Abbasis, Sayyids, Awan, Turks, Swati, Tanolis, Qureshis Shilmani/Sulemani and Khokhars.[3]

In Hazara, the Swatis of Battagram district predominantly communicate in Pashto, while the majority of Swatis in Mansehra District use Hindko, except in Oghi Tehsil and Baffa Pakhal Tehsil, where the Swatis are bilingual in both Pashto and Hindko. The Yousafzais of Torghar District also speaks Pashto. In Agror, Torghar District and Oghi Tehsil the Tanoli's speak Pashto as there mother tongue.

Dardic speaking Hazarewals include the Shins, Mankiyalis, Yashkuns, Marooch and Kamin.[4] A large number of Hindko speakers in Hazara Division claims to be Pashtuns.[5] These includes the Tahirkheli, Yusufzai, Tanoli, Jadoon, Dilazak and Tareen.[5]

The Hazarewal,[6] are not to be confused with the ethnic Hazara people inhabiting parts of Balochistan province in Pakistan or areas of neighbouring Afghanistan. The Hazarewals have, over the last few years, found themselves increasingly in favour of separation and autonomy from the rest of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province on linguistic basis.[7][8]

Khanates and Jagirdars[edit]

Pashtuns Tribes (Jadoon, Tanoli, Swati) cover 65-70% land area of Hazara. Jadoon tribe came to Hazara division from the area of Swabi. Tanoli tribe came to Swabi, Buner and Mardan from Ghazni with the army of Ghaznavids emperors. In 1472 Tanolis came to Hazara division. Swati tribe came to Hazara from Swat when the Yusufzai tribe defeated Sultan Awais Swati and conquered Swati's Sultanate of Swat. Swatis conquered Pakhli region in 1703 and established their Khanates which are now part of Mansehra District and Battagram District.

Swatis having 34 Jagirdars (Khanates) and 1 independent Nawab of Allai tribal State and owning 55% land of Mansehra District and 92% land of Battagram district are found to be the biggest landowning group of Hazara Division, followed by Tanoli, Tanoli is the only tribe in Hazara which have 2 registed states Amb and Phulra states along with 14 Jagirdars (Khanates), Jadoons having 11 Jagirdars (Khantaes) of which Jageerdars of Banda Pir Khan had largest Jageer in whole Abbottabad district and Syeds having 9 Jageerdars mainly in the waste mountains of Kaghan Valley.

Tanawal The Land of Tanoli Is devided into 4 Districts. In Mansehra District Tanawal make up about 30-35 % Of Land. In Haripur District Tanawal make up about 25-30% Of Land. In Abbottabad District Tanawal make up about 25-30% of Land. In Torghar District Tanawal make up about 15-20% of Land.

Map of Hazara Division labeled with the area Jageerdar tribes. Map Source: Mehkama Maal Peshawar, Revenue data Source: Land Revenue and Assessment reports of Hazara Division 1872 and 1907

Culture[edit]

Kohistan :

Hazarewal women from Kohistan usually adorn themselves with traditional clothing called Kohistani Jumlo, whilst the men may wear a pakol and chadar (shawl).

Districts of Battgram and Torghar:

Swati tribe makes the more than 80% population of Battgram while the Yousafzais make the 80% population of Torghar. They both strictly follow Pashtunwali and speaks Pashto language. Hujra and Khangi system are main features of these two districts.

Districts of Mansehra, Abbottabad and Haripur:

In these districts all tribes including Jadoons, Tanolis, Swatis, Awans, Karlal, Gujjars, Abbasi, Tareens, Dilazaks, Ghakhars and Syeds speaks Hindko as their mother tongue. Their culture looks more similar to neighboring Azad Kashmir and Murree. Men usually wear Pakol and Shawal in winter.

'Kumar'(کمڑ) is traditional dance of Hazara Division.

Tanolis have special custom of doing 'Gatkta'(گاتکا) which is performed by men having swords in their hands.

Swatis of Mansehra call their Mehman-Khanas as Dehdi (ڈہڈی) instead of Hujra(حجرہ)which is used by the Swatis of Battagram district. In Mansehra local people from other tribes calls the 'Dehdis' of Swatis by different names like'Dehdi Khan Sahib'(ڈہڈی خانصاحب) or 'Khana Di Dehdi'(خاناں دی ڈہڈی) which have unique historical importance.

Tanolis, Tareens, Swatis and Jadoons are considered to be landlords.

Notable Hazarewals[edit]

Swatis:

Jadoons

Tanolis

Tareens

Others

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "IAPS funding for Dr Muhammad Shakeel Ahmad - The University of Nottingham". www.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  2. ^ "Four years on, the voice of Hazara 'martyrs' still resonates". The Express Tribune. 2014-04-12.
  3. ^ Rensch, Calvin Ross; O'Leary, Clare F.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (1992). Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Hindko and Gujari. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 10–11. Members of a variety of ethnic groups speak the language called Hindko. A large number of Hindko speakers in Hazara Division (Mansehra and Abbottabad Districts) are Pashtoons. Some of those speak Hindko as a second language; many others speak it as their mother tongue. These include the Tahir Kheli Pashtoons, who claim to have migrated to Hazara Division from Afghanistan during the eighteenth century. Many other mother- tongue speakers of Hindko are Swati Pathans, who are said to have formerly spoken Pashto while living in the lower Swat valley. After migrating across the Indus River into Hazara Division, which Ahmed dates around A.D. 1515, the Swatis adopted the Hindko language. There are also Pashtoons belonging to three other groups, the Yusufzai, the Jadun and the Tarin, who have replaced Pashto with Hindko. Many speakers of Hindko belong to groups other than the Pashtoons: Some of these are Saiyids, said to have come to the area in the early centuries of Islamic history, many of whom live in the Peshawar area. Large numbers of Hindko speakers are Avans, particularly in Attock District and Hazara Division. Still others belong to groups of Moughals, Bulghadris, Turks and Qureshis. In Jammun significant numbers of Gujars have adopted Hindko as their first language.
  4. ^ "Marooch Tribe". razwal.tripod.com. Retrieved 2024-01-03.
  5. ^ a b Rensch, Calvin Ross; O'Leary, Clare F.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (1992). Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Hindko and Gujari. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University. pp. 10–11. Members of a variety of ethnic groups speak the language called Hindko. A large number of Hindko speakers in Hazara Division (Mansehra and Abbottabad Districts) are Pashtoons. Some of those speak Hindko as a second language; many others speak it as their mother tongue. These include the Tahir Kheli Pashtoons, who claim to have migrated to Hazara Division from Afghanistan during the eighteenth century. Many other mother- tongue speakers of Hindko are Swati Pathans, who are said to have formerly spoken Pashto while living in the lower Swat valley. After migrating across the Indus River into Hazara Division, which Ahmed dates around A.D. 1515, the Swatis adopted the Hindko language. There are also Pashtoons belonging to three other groups, the Yusufzai, the Jadun and the Tarin, who have replaced Pashto with Hindko. Many speakers of Hindko belong to groups other than the Pashtoons: Some of these are Saiyids, said to have come to the area in the early centuries of Islamic history, many of whom live in the Peshawar area. Large numbers of Hindko speakers are Avans, particularly in Attock District and Hazara Division. Still others belong to groups of Moughals, Bulghadris, Turks and Qureshis. In Jammun significant numbers of Gujars have adopted Hindko as their first language.
  6. ^ Essentially representing a linguistic and cultural/regional rather than ethnic entity
  7. ^ "In Karachi, keeping struggle for Hazara province alive". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  8. ^ Protests erupt over Pakistan NWFP name change
  9. ^ Patel, Aakar (2011-11-25). "Does Pakistan have a saviour in Imran Khan?". www.livemint.com. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  10. ^ Aziz, Hadi (2013-09-11). "PM convinces Sardar Mehtab Abbasi for KPK governorship". The News Tribe. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
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