Alternative semantics

Alternative semantics (or Hamblin semantics) is a framework in formal semantics and logic. In alternative semantics, expressions denote alternative sets, understood as sets of objects of the same semantic type. For instance, while the word "Lena" might denote Lena herself in a classical semantics, it would denote the singleton set containing Lena in alternative semantics. The framework was introduced by Charles Leonard Hamblin in 1973 as a way of extending Montague grammar to provide an analysis for questions. In this framework, a question denotes the set of its possible answers. Thus, if $P$ and $Q$ are propositions, then $\{P,Q\}$ is the denotation of the question whether $P$ or $Q$ is true. Since the 1970s, it has been extended and adapted to analyze phenomena including focus,^[1] scope, disjunction,^[2] NPIs,^[3]^[4] presupposition, and implicature.^[5]^[6]

References[edit]

^ Krifka, Manfred (1993). "Focus and presupposition in dynamic interpretation". Journal of Semantics. 10 (4): 269–300. doi:10.1093/jos/10.4.269.
^ Fox, Danny (2007). "Free choice and the theory of scalar implicatures". In Sauerland, Uli; Stateva, Penka (eds.). Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 537–586.
^ Chierchia, Gennaro. "Scalar implicature, polarity phenomena, and the syntax/pragmatics interface". In Belleti, Adriana (ed.). Structures and Beyond. Oxford University Press. pp. 39–103.
^ Chierchia, Gennaro. Logic in Grammar: Polarity, Free Choice, and Intervention. Oxford University Press.
^ Cross, Charles; Roelofsen, Floris (11 February 2014). "Questions". In Zalta, Edward (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
^ Rooth, Mats (2016). "Alternative semantics". In Féry, Caroline; Ishihara, Shinichiro (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Information Structure. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.19.

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[Krifka1993-1] Krifka, Manfred (1993). "Focus and presupposition in dynamic interpretation". Journal of Semantics. 10 (4): 269–300. doi:10.1093/jos/10.4.269.

[Fox2007-2] Fox, Danny (2007). "Free choice and the theory of scalar implicatures". In Sauerland, Uli; Stateva, Penka (eds.). Presupposition and implicature in compositional semantics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 537–586.

[Chierchia2004-3] Chierchia, Gennaro. "Scalar implicature, polarity phenomena, and the syntax/pragmatics interface". In Belleti, Adriana (ed.). Structures and Beyond. Oxford University Press. pp. 39–103.

[Chierchia2013-4] Chierchia, Gennaro. Logic in Grammar: Polarity, Free Choice, and Intervention. Oxford University Press.

[5] Cross, Charles; Roelofsen, Floris (11 February 2014). "Questions". In Zalta, Edward (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2021-01-25.

[6] Rooth, Mats (2016). "Alternative semantics". In Féry, Caroline; Ishihara, Shinichiro (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Information Structure. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.19.

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