A (Mongolic)

A
A
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
Mongolian consonants
Foreign consonants
	Mongolian script multigraphs;
	v; t; e;

A is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.^[1]^{: 549–551}

Mongolian language[edit]

Letter^[2]^: 17, 18^[3]^: 546
‑a	a	Transliteration^{[note 1]}
—	ᠠ^[a]	Alone
	ᠠ᠋^[b]
	^[c]
	ᠠ‍^[d]	Initial
	‍ᠠ‍	Medial
	‍ᠠ	Connected final
᠎ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	—	Separated final

Ligatures^[2]^: 22–23^[3]^: 546
ba	pa	Transliteration
ᠪᠠ^[e]	ᠫᠠ	Alone
ᠪᠠ‍	ᠫᠠ‍	Initial
‍ᠪᠠ‍	‍ᠫᠠ‍	Medial
‍ᠪᠠ	‍ᠫᠠ	Final

Separated suffixes^{[note 2]}
‑a	Transliteration
ᠠ‍^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	Initial
ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩	Whole

Transcribes Chakhar /ɑ/;^[8]^[9] Khalkha /a/, /ə/, and /∅/.^[10]^: 40–42 Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter а.^[11]^[4]
Medial and final forms may be distinguished from those of other tooth-shaped letters through: vowel harmony (e), the shape of adjacent consonants (q/k and γ/g), and position in syllable sequence (n, ng, q, γ, d).^[12]
The final tail extends to the left after bow-shaped consonants (such as b, and p), and to the right in all other cases.
‍ᠠ᠋‍ = medial form used after the junction in a proper name compound.^[13]^: 44
‍ᠠ᠋^⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩ = connected galik final.^[2]^: 26–28^[13]^: 38–39
Derived from Old Uyghur aleph (𐽰), written twice for isolate and initial forms.^[3]^{: 539–540, 545–546}^[14]^{: 111, 113}^[13]^: 35
Produced with A using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.^[15]
In the Mongolian Unicode block, a comes before e.

Clear Script[edit]

Xibe language[edit]

Manchu language[edit]

Notes[edit]

^ As in the interjection ᠠ a (аа aa) 'a!, oh!, well!'.^[6]^: 1
^ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (ээ ee) 'oh!'.^[6]^: 1, 284
^ As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).^[6]^: 1
^ Also used in enumerations, akin to a) or b).^[2]^: 18
^ As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.^[6]^: 64^[2]^: 22

^ Scholarly transliteration.^[4]
^ Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter a include:  ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ‑a (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠠᠴᠠ^⟨?⟩ ‑ača (ablative), and  ᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑ačaγan (reflexive+ablative).^[7]

References[edit]

^ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
^ ^a ^b "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
^ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]
^ "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.
^ "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.
^ Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
^ Viklund, Andreas. "Lingua Mongolia - Mongolian Grammar Reference". Lingua Mongolia. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
^ Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
^ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[8] As in the interjection ᠠ a (аа aa) 'a!, oh!, well!'.^[6]^: 1

[9] As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö), or interjection ᠡ e (ээ ee) 'oh!'.^[6]^: 1, 284

[10] As in the exclamation ⟨ᠠ᠋; ⟩ a/e (аа/ээ/оо/өө aa/ee/oo/öö).^[6]^: 1

[11] Also used in enumerations, akin to a) or b).^[2]^: 18

[12] As in ᠪᠠ ba (ба ba) 'and'.^[6]^: 64^[2]^: 22

[5] Scholarly transliteration.^[4]

[14] Separated suffixes starting with, or made up by the letter a include:  ᠠ^⟨?⟩ ‑a (vocative or dative-locative),  ᠠᠴᠠ^⟨?⟩ ‑ača (ablative), and  ᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ^⟨?⟩ ‑ačaγan (reflexive+ablative).^[7]

[1] "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Poppe1974-2] Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.

[Daniels1996-3] Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.

[EKIMn2006-4] "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.

[6] "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.

[Lessing1960-7] Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;^: xii as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.^[5]

[13] "PROPOSAL Encode Mongolian Suffix Connector (U+180F) To Replace Narrow Non-Breaking Space (U+202F)" (PDF). UTC Document Register for 2017. 2017-01-15.

[CJVLang2013-15] "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[StudyMn2013-16] "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Svantesson2005-17] Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzen, Vivan (2005-02-10). The Phonology of Mongolian. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-151461-6.

[Skorodumova2000-18] Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.

[LinguaMnGrammar-19] Viklund, Andreas. "Lingua Mongolia - Mongolian Grammar Reference". Lingua Mongolia. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[Janhunen2006-20] Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.

[Clauson2005-21] Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.

[22] wilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[note 1]

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[note 2]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[4]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[6]

[7]

[5]